Tumsaa

VisualEditor coming to this wiki

Hello. Please excuse the English. :)

Because you seem to be one of the busiest editors here, I just wanted to let you know personally that VisualEditor is coming to this project on December 2, 2013. VisualEditor is software in development to allow people to edit pages in MediaWiki without needing to learn wikitext syntax (like typing [[ to start a link). It is already available and in use on some Wikipedia projects. Please see mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ for more information.

When this software arrives, you will have the option to use it or to use the current wikitext editor. When you press “edit”, you will get the new VisualEditor software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press “edit source”. For more information about how to use VisualEditor, see mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide.

We hope that this software will be useful to people in the Oromo community. If you find any problems, please let us know either at Bugzilla (see report the issue in bugzilla) in the "VisualEditor" product or on the central feedback page on mediawiki.org. Once VisualEditor is made available, if there are any urgent problems, like an unexpected bug suddenly causing widespread severe problems, please e-mail James Forrester, the Product Manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org for immediate attention.

If you have any time to pitch in, we would also appreciate help with translation with the pages about VisualEditor here and on MediaWiki.org, and its user interface. To translate the user interface, start by creating an account at TranslateWiki. Once your account request is approved, all you need to do is select your language from this list. This will give you a list of individual lines and paragraphs. The English original will be on one side, with the option to “edit” on the other. Pressing “edit” will open an edit window where you can work.

The User Guide is another important document. To translate this, simply go to the MediaWiki.org page, and select “translate this page”. Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. If you want to help with translations and would like to talk about how, please leave a message for me on my talk page.

Thank you, and happy editing! :) Thanks for your contributions to the Oromo project! --Mdennis (WMF) (talk) 19:10, 15 Sadaasa 2013 (UTC)

Thank you very much! I hope VisualEditor will be much easier to use and increase efficiency. Tumsaa (talk) 12:08, 16 Sadaasa 2013 (UTC)

Article request: Seattle

Hi! Are you interested in starting a stub on en:Seattle? Seattle has a major Oromo population, and the idea is that those living in Seattle who speak Oromo can see the wikilink to the Oromo Wikipedia and come over. If you want, you may also start en:Seattle Public Schools

Thanks WhisperToMe (talk) 20:06, 20 Muddee 2013 (UTC)

I just started an article on Seattle as per your request. It does not contain much now but I will expand it over time. Here is the link om:Siyaatil. Tumsaa (talk) 16:35, 21 Muddee 2013 (UTC)

Akkam!

Hello! I am very much interested in seeing Wikipedia Oromo being filled up. Sadly, even though I am Oromo, my skills in Qubbee leaves much to be desired. I've been doing my best to add Oromo content on Wikipedia English, so far I have made pages for Tadesse Birru, Ebisa Adunya, Lencho Letta, Elemo Qiltu and the Battle of Tiro. I just wanted to contact you because I have not found any other Oromo person on Wikipedia yet. Cheers! LencaOromo (talk) 02:54, 5 Guraandhala 2014 (UTC)

Thanks for writing LencaOromo. I have checked the articles you mentioned and they are very well written. Thanks for that. I have the same ambition as you: seeing Afan Oromo Wikipedia flourish. But if we don't do something, that is not going to come true. Let us make a deal: if you translate articles into Afan Oromo with the poor Qubee you have and send me through email, then I can go through it and correct the spelling and send it back to you. Then you can create the articles yourself. How about that?

Cheers! Tumsaa (talk) 13:09, 5 Guraandhala 2014 (UTC)

Translation software issue

Hi, Tumsaa. You've done some amazing work on the translations. :) Thank you very much!

I'm afraid that the problem you ran into happened because the people who run "translate wiki" moved some pages around without leaving redirects. :( They've done that a couple of times now, and I hope things are where they will remain. The current user interface translation work is being done at https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&language=om&filter=%21translated&action=translate

I'm hoping it won't change anymore, but just in case it does we've started putting the links at mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral. There are also some new tips and tricks there, in case you don't already know them. :) As people pass along suggestions to us, we're trying to share them.

Please let me know if this doesn't solve the problem, and I will ask engineers until I figure out what will.

Again, I am grateful for your help there. :)

Best regards. --Mdennis (WMF) (talk) 13:23, 3 Bitootessa 2014 (UTC)

Thank you very much for your reply. It is working now. Tumsaa (talk) 10:53, 4 Bitootessa 2014 (UTC)

Update on Upcoming Wiki Indaba Conference

Hello Sir. My name is Rexford Nkansah, currently serving as a Wikipedian in Residence at the Africa Centre in Cape Town.

The Wikimedia Foundation has shared with us the incredible number of edits that you have done on this Wikipedia.

As one of the highest contributors to one of the languages of the African continent, I want to inform you about the upcoming Wiki Indaba Conference which is similar to Wikimania, however, its designed by Africans for Africans.

This message is to inform you about scholarship to attend application currently open. You're invited to apply for scholarship to attend this conference.

Please see the main Wiki Indaba Website for more details on Eligibility and Deadline – look at www.wikiindaba.net for more details. And like the facebook page for updates.

Please don't hesitate to get in touch should you have any questions.

my contact is rexford[@]wikiafrica.net --Nkansahrexford (talk) 13:12, 31 Bitootessa 2014 (UTC)

Help

Hi! Nice to see a native speaker of Oromo working in this wikipedia. I'd like to ask you to translate a few terms into Oromo and thus I can create a temple for countries. These terms are the following ones:

• Area
• Population
• Density

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 08:58, 13 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Hi user:Chabi1. Thanks for trying to create template for countries. I have been trying to create infobox person but could not because I could not get good tutorial on infoboxes. If you know any good tutorial on infoboxes or templates in general, please give me the link and then I can create other templates. Thanks in advance for your help.

Here is the translation:

• Area - Ballina
• Population - Baayyina ummataa
• Density - Tuuta'insa ummataa

Tumsaa (talk) 06:50, 15 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Template

You can see the new template in the article about Chaayinaa. Could you please tell me if these terms are correct?

• Country: Biyya
• Government: Mootummaa
• Flag: Alaabaa
• North America: Ameerikaa Kaabaa
• South America: Ameerikaa Kibbaa

Could you also please translate the following terms?

• Coat of arms:
• Name:
• Map:

I also need to know the translation of these terms in English:

• Akkaataa Guyyaa
• Karaa ittiin hoofan

I've seen the article Protein dhigaa, but shouldn't it be pirootiinii dhigaa?

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 07:14, 15 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

I have seen the template on the article about Chaayinaa. It is very good and I am so glad you have made it. Thank you very much for the template. Now, we can create more informative articles using the template.

The following terms are correctly translated:

• Country: Biyya
• Government: Mootummaa
• Flag: Alaabaa
• North America: Ameerikaa Kaabaa
• South America: Ameerikaa Kibbaa

Here is the Oromo equivalent:

• Coat of arms: Asxaa uffata waraanaa
• Name: Maqaa
• Map: Kaartaa

The English equivalent:

• Akkaataa Guyyaa - Date format
• Karaa ittiin hoofan - Drives on the

Yes, you are right, the article Protein dhigaa is not correctly spelled. It should be Pirootiinii dhiigaa like you said. I will rename it accordingly. Tumsaa (talk) 10:42, 15 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

New translations

Could you please translate the following names and phrases?

• Anatomy
• Greek: Giriikii?
• Chemistry: keemistrii?
• Spain is a country of Europe
• Areas where is spoken.
• Region
• Literature
• Academy
• Official status
• Official language of
• Spoken in
• Ranking
• Speakers
• Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 09:00, 16 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

I am still trying to translate some of these terminologies, it is not that they are difficult but that I want to be sure that they are translated correctly. The following are the ones I am sure about:

• Anatomy : Anaatoomii
• Chemistry: Keemistirii
• Areas where is spoken : Bakka itti dubbatamu
• Region : Naannoo
• Literature : ogbarruu
• Academy : akkaadaamii
• Official status :
• Official language of :
• Spoken in : Kan dubbatamu
• Ranking : Sadarkaa
• Speakers : Dubbattoota

Tumsaa (talk) 13:37, 17 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Take a look at Oromiyaa and Afaan Oromoo. --Chabi1 (talk) 09:49, 16 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Hi! I've created the article Waaqa taking into account what I've found in several pubications on the Internet. However, I don't know Oromo in order to write a single phrase. Could you please cmplete the article? I would like to ask you how to say in Oromo "Oromo traditional religion". --Chabi1 (talk) 16:03, 16 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Coudl you tell me the meaning of Seelii so I can add the interwikis? --Chabi1 (talk) 16:37, 16 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

It means Cell in English. I am looking at the above terminologies, and I will come back with the translation tomorrow. I have to make sure I translated it correctly. I have seen your article on Waaqa, and it has some interesting sayings in it. My grandma used to say all these (the new generation is more of a Christian). I like the sayings. I will try to expand it. Thanks very much for creating it. Oromo traditiona religion - amantii Oromoo kan aadaa Tumsaa (talk) 16:50, 16 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Country names:

• Spain is a country of Europe - Ispeen biyya Yuurooppi keessa jirtu.
• Albania - Albeeniyaa
• Andorra - Andooraa
• Bulgaria - Bulgeeriyaa
• Croatia - Kirooshiyaa
• Cyprus - Saayippires
• Czech Republic - Rippabiliika Cheek
• Ireland - Aayerlaandi

Tumsaa (talk) 16:57, 16 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Ideas and translation

Creation of articles

I would like to comment on several ideas I've got regarding the creation of some articles. As this is the Oromo Wikipedia, I believe that articles about Oromo religion, mythology, traditional religion, literature, language, calendar, gadaa, the Oromoo migrations and clans should be created. Also some Oromo personalities should have an article in here.

• Literature: I have created a page for in Wiksource for the Oromoo proverbs.
• Oromo clans: I've created a template for the Oromo clans

I also ask to myself several questions such as: Is there an Oromo traditional medicine? How are plants and animals in Oromiyaa called in Oromo? Is there any astronomical knowledge owned by the Oromo? I mean, generally speaking, is there Oromo traditional knowledge that risks to be lost and that we could gather together in Wikipedia in Oromo?

We already have the article about the language and we have started two about religion (Waaqa and amantii Oromoo kan aadaa). I will be searching on the Internet to find something about Oromo literature and mythology and thus starting gathering as much information as possible.

Actually, there are few articles on famous Oromos. It is found under the category ummata Oromoo. I am planning to add more, it may take some time though. I will take some time to think about your suggestion and we will discuss it thoroughly in few days time. Thanks for your suggestion and support. Tumsaa (talk) 10:44, 17 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Organisation of the Wikipedia

I've seen a lot of article that are not categorised nor have interwikis. Some of them are made of just one phrase. I will collect them and ask you to tell me if there are spam or there have important information on them in order to categorise them.

We already have a template for countries and another one for languages. I am planning to create another one for villages and cities, another for sciences and another one to organise all the Oromo clans.

Doubt

In the article about Nikolaa Teslaa, it translate "German language" as Afaan Jarman whilst you translated Germany as "Jarmanii". Are both of them correct? Which one should we change?

Actually, both are acceptable. But, it is preferable to use Jarmanii because it goes with Oromo language sound very well (Afan Oromo usually ends with long vowels especially for country names) and also more fromal. In day to day communication, people use both Jarman and Jarmanii. Tumsaa (talk) 08:46, 17 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Articles

I need you to translate the following names as well:

• Date of birth
• Date of death
• Place of birth
• Place of death
• Profession
• Science
• Mathematics
• Philosophy
• Mythology
• Religion
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Ecology
• Engineering
• Informatics
• Computer
• Literature

I have created a new template for the Oromo clans (Template:Qoqqoodama Oromoo).

Thanks for your help --Chabi1 (talk) 13:28, 17 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Here is some:

• Date of birth - Guyyaa dhalootaa
• Date of death - Guyyaa du'aa
• Place of birth - Bakka dhalootaa
• Place of death - Bakka du'aa
• Profession - Ogummaa
• Science - Saayinsii
• Mathematics - Herreega
• Philosophy - Filoosoofii (Falaasama)
• Mythology - **
• Religion - amantii
• Physics - Fiiziksii
• Chemistry - kemistirii
• Ecology - Ikkooloojii
• Engineering - Injineriingii
• Informatics - Informaatiiksi
• Computer - Koompiyuutera
• Literature - ogbarruu

Tumsaa (talk) 13:54, 17 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Take a look at the new template in Nikolaa Teslaa and also this one (whichs stills need translation) --Chabi1 (talk) 14:47, 17 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

More

• What's the meaning of Qabsaawota Oromoo‎ and Ummata Oromoo‎?
• What's the meaning of Qubee guguddaa(gurguddaa), Qubee xixiqqaa, Qubee dachaa, Roobee (aanaa), Qunnii, Silashii Sihiin, Finfinnee, Guraagee and Macaafotakakuu moofaa fi kakuu haaraa? --Chabi1 (talk) 16:52, 17 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Could you please translate this?

• Bibliography of Oromo
• Oromo literature
• Oromo culture

I would like to ask you if there is any list of books written in Oromo that can be found in the Internet and if there is any Oromo epic as well. --Chabi1 (talk) 19:45, 17 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Hi Chabi1. Here is some:

• Qabsaawota Oromoo‎ - Oromo freedom fighters(activists)
• Ummata Oromoo‎ - The Oromo people
• Qubee guguddaa(gurguddaa) - capital letters
• Qubee xixiqqaa - small letters
• Qubee dachaa - digraph
• Roobee (aanaa) - it is a name a district(**) in southern Oromia
• Qunnii - it is a name a district(**) in eastern Oromia
• Silashii Sihiin - Sileshi Sihine is a famous Oromo athlete (Spouse of the famous Tirunesh Dibaba)
• Finfinnee - Oromo name for Addis Ababa
• Guraagee - it is a name of ethnic group in Ethiopia, that lives neighboring to Oromo
• Macaafota kakuu moofaa fi kakuu haaraa - Old and New Testament Books

Oromia region is divided into smaller administration units. The order from the largest to the smallest is: Region(naannoo in Oromo) - zone(godina in Oromo) - aanaa - ganda (the smallest administrative unit).
Here is the translation:

• Bibliography of Oromo - **
• Oromo literature - ogbarruu Oromoo
• Oromo culture - aadaa Oromoo

I think the articles about the different types of letters (capital, small, and digraph) can be merged. So I will merge them. Tumsaa (talk) 05:36, 18 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Translation

• I have reorganised the categories regarding the Oromo clans and also the people.
• The main category is Ummata Oromoo and inside there are four categories: Atileetota Oromoo‎, Oromoo Beekkamoo‎, Qabsaawota Oromoo‎ and Qoqqoodama Oromoo‎.
• So, more or less, the categories and articles regarding the Oromo people, famous Oromo, clans and athletes are organised.
• Now, I would like to create more categories so I need the following translations:

• • Oromo art
  • Oromo music
  • Oromo cinema (if it exists)
  • Oromo theatre
  • Oromo cuisine
  • Oromo sport
  • Citation
  • Title
  • Original title
  • Image
  • Author
  • Language
  • Genre

I would like to ask you as well to improve or delete the following pages:

• Abubaker Usman Oda (Sheikh Bakri Saphalo)
• Xilaahun Gassassee
• Leencoo Lataa
• Shifarraa Jaarsoo Tedecha
• Eebbisaa Addunyaa (this one is in English)

Thanks for your help --Chabi1 (talk) 09:20, 18 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

I think that is a good categorization. We will create more in the future if necessary.

• • Oromo art - Aartii Oromoo
  • Oromo music - Wallee Oromoo (Sirba Oromoo)
  • Oromo cinema (if it exists) - fiilmii Oromoo
  • Oromo theatre - tiyaatira Oromoo
  • Oromo cuisine - nyaata aadaa Oromoo
  • Oromo sport - ispoortii Oromoo
  • Citation - waraabbii
  • Title - Mata duree
  • Original title - Mata duree kan jalqabaa
  • Image - Suura
  • Author - Barreessaa
  • Language - Afaan
  • Genre - qoodama(???)

I will edit these articles. Some of them are very important.

• Abubaker Usman Oda (Sheikh Bakri Saphalo) - I redirected that to Sheek Bakrii Saphaalloo. This is just another article for the same person because he had two names.
• Xilaahun Gassassee - the article is necessary; so I will add content
• Leencoo Lataa - the article is necessary; so I will add content
• Shifarraa Jaarsoo Tedecha - Not sure what to do with this one.
• Eebbisaa Addunyaa (this one is in English) - I will translate this to Afan Oromo. It is a very important article that shows the struggle of Oromo for freedom and independence.

Is there a way to delete articles? Or does it need a special privilege? Currently, I can't delete articles; actually, my account privilege is limited, I am not admin. I tried to get admin privilege but could not for some reason.

Thank you very much for your contribution. Tumsaa (talk) 10:20, 18 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

More

• New templates in Taaddasaa Birruu and in Guddinaa Tumsaa
• Who is Shifarraa Jaarsoo Tedecha? Why is the article important?
• Could you please translate the following phrases?
  • nickname
  • presentation
  • allegiance
  • branch
  • serviceyears
  • rank
  • spouse
  • relations
  • See also
  • External Links
  • Fixeensa is a novel based on a true story of the Oromo politics of the recent times. It widely reflects the socio-political life of the Oromo society in the last couple of years, both at home and abroad.

Could you tell what is this website about?

Is the same Waaqeffannaa and Amantii Oromoo kan aadaa?

Do you know which religious festivities do the Oromo have?

--Chabi1 (talk) 10:32, 18 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

• Who is Shifarraa Jaarsoo Tedecha? Why the article is important? I din't say it is important. Shiferaw Jarso is the director general of Ethiopian Sugar Corporation. He was a minister of Water Resources of Ethiopia previously.

Translations:

• • nickname - Maqaa masoo
  • presentation - Dhiyeesa Qophii
  • allegiance - Leellisaa
  • branch - damee
  • serviceyears - wagaa tajaajilaa
  • rank - sadarkaa
  • spouse - It is different for male and female. For male - haadha manaa, for female - abbaa mana. But we can shorten it like Haadha/Abbaa manaa
  • relations - firooma
  • See also - Kanas ilaali
  • External Links - Liinkii alaa

• Could you tell what is this website about?

The website is about Waqeffanna which is the name of Oromo traditional religion. The Oromo traditional religion name is waaqeffana and the website tries to promote that as well provide information to the believers.

• Is the same Waaqeffannaa and Amantii Oromoo kan aadaa?

Not the same but related. Waaqeffanaa is the name of the religion itself like Christianity or Muslim or Hindu. Amantii Oromoo kan aadaa simply means Oromo traditional religion.

• Do you know which religious festivities do the Oromo have?

There are many religious festivities in Oromo. The most popular by far is the 'irreecha' festival which is celebrate in the month of September. It is celebrated in Hora Arsadi near Bishoftu town of Oromia collectively. However, it is celebrated throughout Oromia for those who far off from Hora Arsadi. Gadaa is also a popular ceremony but it is not not fully religious as such though it has some religious element in it. Hateetee is another festival mostly celebrated by women. There are many more. Tumsaa (talk) 12:49, 18 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

A lot of things

Deletion?

The following articles haven't got any text on them. I suggest its deletion as they damage the image of the Wikipedia, better to have few but good articles than more but badly written.

• 2007 MLB Score
• 2006–07 NHL Score
• 79th Academy Award
• Anastacia
• Anggun
• Www.haabtaamuu anbassaa.com wikipedia I don't what is written on this page but if it is important, the title should be changed, otherwise, it is better to delete it.

These articles are all spam. They should be deleted. Tumsaa (talk) 11:46, 19 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Doubts and improvements

Some doubts and several things I've found that could be corrected or improved:

• Abdulsemed M. Yousuf Dr. Who is him?
• Abbush Zallaqaa And him?
• Daawwitee Makonnin What does it say the article about him? Is he important?
• Ciigoo oromo What's this article about?
• F. Oromia What does it say this article? I think it should be wikified.
• Sheek Mahaammad Rashaad Abdullee I've seen it is the biggest article in this Wikipedia. Who is him? I think it should be wikified.
• Commonwealth Countries The title should be changed and the template translated or deleted.

Some of these articles are about prominent Oromos. Abbush and Daawwitee are Oromo singers. I created these articles myself and I am planning to expand them. Abdulsamad and Mahaammad are Oromo scholars. So articles about them is also necessary. Ciigoo oromo is about Oromo figurative speech which deserves an article. The other two articles, F. Oromia and Commonwealth Countries are spam. They should be deleted. Tumsaa (talk) 11:46, 19 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

You told me that the geographical division of Oromiyaa was "Region(naannoo in Oromo) - zone(godina in Oromo) - aanaa - ganda (the smallest administrative unit)". So, what is a "woreda"?

Since this is Oromo Wikipedia, I gave you Oromo names of these divisions. They have a different name in Amharic.

• Region(kilil in Amharic) - zone(zone in Amharic) - aanaa(woreda in Amharic) - ganda(Kebele in Amharic)

Articles

There are so many articles needed that I don't know where to start translating. I've created a few ones regarding Amantii Oromoo in English. Could you please translate them into Afaan Oromoo? They are these ones: Waaqa, Waaqeffannaa and Group of Waaqeffannaa Assembly.

My main objectives are to create articles related to Oromo culture and history; also countries and science. Then, little by little, expanding them and creating new ones.

Translation

Could you translate the following to me, please?

Other translations:

• City - magaalaa
• Lands of Africa - dachee Aafrikaa
• Anthem of Spain - faaruu Ispeen

• Buddhism
• Hinduism
• Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and oral teachings of Jesus as presented in the New Testament.
• Islam is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God and by the teachings and normative example (called the Sunnah and composed of hadith) of Muhammad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God.
• Judaism is the religion, philosophy and way of life of the Jewish people.

Afaan

When you refer to a language of a country, do you write "Afaan + name of the country"? For example: Afaan Ispeen. Or do you add -iffaa?Ispaaniffaa.

What's the meaning of Tigraay? Tigrinya? (language of Eritrea)

I am sorry if a write too many things to you but I just don't understand the language so I have to ask your help for everything. Thanks again for your time. I would like to improve not only the quantity of articles but also their quality and that's is why I am asking to delete or change so many things. --Chabi1 (talk) 16:08, 18 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

You refer to it as "Afaan + name of the country" without -iffaa. But when you are mentioning the language itself, then you have to use -iffaa. For example

• What is the language of Spain? Afaan Ispeen maalii?
• Is Spain, the working language is Spanish. Ispeen keessatti, afaan hojii Ispaaniffa.

Tumsaa (talk) 12:33, 19 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Are these two articles referring to the same zone? Shawaa Dhiha and Shawaa Dhihaa. Aren't both of them referring to West Shewa? --Chabi1 (talk) 13:03, 19 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

They refer to the same thing: one has a spelling error (Shawaa Dhiha), the other one is correct. Shawaa Dhihaa can also be referred to as Shawaa Lixaa or in some literature as Dhiha Shawaa, or Lixa Shawaa. These are no longer used now. Tumsaa (talk) 13:10, 19 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Doubt

• You translated Western Shara as Western Sahaaraa. Wouldn't it be Sahaaraa Dhihaa?
• What is this article about?

• I didn't translate the name to Afan Oromo, instead I simply wrote it in Afan Oromo as it is. If it has to be translated, then it should be Sahaaraa Dhihaa. There is no clear convention in Oromo regarding this, as far as I know. Perhaps the translation would be better for those who don't understand English. So, I agree on using Sahaaraa Dhihaa
• The article Serraa Fi Serra Cabsuu is a spam and does not contain any useful thing. So I deleted it. Tumsaa (talk) 11:08, 21 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Doubts

• Does Sumaalee mean "Somalia"?
• I didn't understand your answer as you said "It is Magaalota Oromia in plural, and magaalaa Oromiyaa in plural". Which one is in plural then?
• We have almost the name of every country in Oromo, so I will be creating the articles whenever I have time. I think that we should procede in this order:

1. Trying to create all the articles regarding Oromia, all the regions, zones, aanaas and gandas as well as the main cities, each one with its template.
2. Trying to finish all the articles regarding Oromo personalities.

Once we have completed this, we can begin with the articles that all Wikipedia must have. What do you think about it? Nevertheless, there are some basic articles such as the main religions in the world that I would like to have them in Oromo.

Could you please translate the following:

• Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and oral teachings of Jesus as presented in the New Testament.
• Islam is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God and by the teachings and normative example (called the Sunnah and composed of hadith) of Muhammad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God.

Thanks a lot for your help and let's improve this Wikipedia! --Chabi1 (talk) 13:29, 21 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

• Does Sumaalee mean "Somalia"? Sumaalee is the name of the peole in Afan Oromo and Somalia is their country. Sumaalee is the ethnic group name. There is Somlia region in Ethiopia too apart from Somalia the country.
• I didn't understand your answer as you said "It is Magaalota Oromiyaa in plural, and magaalaa Oromiyaa in plural". Which one is in plural then?
  • Magaalota Oromiyaa -plural
  • Magaala Oromiyaa - singular

Here my attempt of the translation:

• Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and oral teachings of Jesus as presented in the New Testament
  • Kiristaanummaan amantii Waaqa tokko jedhurratti hundaa'e yoo ta'u buu'urrisaa jireenyaa fi lallaba Yesus kan Kakuu Haaraa keessatti barreffame.
• Islam is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God and by the teachings and normative example (called the Sunnah and composed of hadith) of Muhammad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God.
  • Islaamni amantii Waaqa tokko jedhurratti hundaa'e fi amantii Abraamii yoo ta'u Quraanaa, kan amantoota Islaamaatiin jecha Waaqaa qabate jedhamee amanamuu, fi barsiisaa fi jireenya fakkeenyaa kan Mahaammadii irratti hundaa'a; Mahaammad raajii dhumaati jedhamee amanama. Tumsaa (talk) 14:44, 21 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Doubt

Hi! I write down several doubts I have regarding different issues

• What is this text about? --Chabi1 (talk) 17:16, 21 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)
• Could you translate the following phrase? This article needs to be revised and corrected. Articles that need correction
• Do you know if it is possible to upload an image of the tree that appears in the flag of Oromiyaa?
• Which are the correct aanolee of Shawaa Dhihaa?
• Could you please translate the following article? "Amigna is one of the woredas in the Arsi Zone, in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia".
• We already have tempaltes for the magaalaa, the aanaa and the godina.
• How do you say "Arabic language" and "Swahili language" in Oromo?
• Could you please create a small article of each godina that is still missing? --Chabi1 (talk) 09:28, 22 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

• Which are the correct aanolee of Shawaa Dhihaa? It is the first one. This arose because some time in the past, West Shewa Zone included what is now called Southwest Shewa Zone also. But now they are split into two different zones and with that some aanaas of West Shewa Zone moved to Southwest Shewa Zone. I have corrected it.

• What is this text about? I will read it and tell you.

• This article needs to be revised and corrected. Articles that need correction.
  • Barreeffamni kun sirreeffamuu fi gulaalamuu qaba.
  • Barreeffamoota sirreessuu barbaadan
• Amigna is one of the woredas in the Arsi Zone, in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia
  • Amminyaan aanolee godina Arsii, naannoo Oromiyaa, Itoophiyaa keessaa isa tokko.
• How do you say "Arabic language" and "Swahili language" in Oromo?
  • Afaan Arabaa
  • Afaan Siwaahilii
• Could you please create a small article of each godina that is still missing?

Sure, I will do that. Almost all godinas are already created I think but if there is one which doesn't have an article created for it, I will create one.

• Do you know if it is possible to upload an image of the tree that appears in the flag of Oromiyaa? Didn't understand your question!

• We already have tempaltes for the magaalaa, the aanaa and the godina. Thank you very much for your tireless work. I really appreciate what you are doing for Oromo Wikipedia. Thanks a lot.

Tumsaa (talk) 12:05, 22 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

I have created this category for having all the articles that need revision and correction together. --Chabi1 (talk) 13:02, 22 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Translations

Could you please translate this? I think it is important to have several articles related to the Oromos, as well as others regarding the history of Ethiopia.

• Could you tell me which are the cities included in the woreda of Boqojjii?
• Subdivisions of Ethiopia
• According to the IMF, Ethiopia was one of the fastest growing economies in the world, registering over 10% economic growth from 2004 through 2009.
• The Oromo migrations—also known as The Great Oromo migration— were a series of expansions in the 16th and 17th centuries by the Oromo people from more central areas in Ethiopia to more northern regions. The migrations had a severe impact on the Solomonic dynasty of Abyssinia, as well as being the death blow to the recently defeated Adal state.
• The Kingdom of Jimma was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 19th century. It shared its western border with Limmu-Ennarea, its eastern border with the Sidamo Kingdom of Janjero, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. Jimma was considered the most powerful militarily of the Gibe kingdoms. Dawro, an Ometo dialect, was the native language; it later slowly gave way to Oromo.
• The Derg, Common Derg or Dergue (Ge'ez: ደርግ, meaning "committee" or "council") is the short name of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army that ruled Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987. It took power following the ousting of Emperor Haile Selassie I. Soon after it was established, the committee was formally renamed the Provisional Military Administrative Council, but continued to be known popularly as "the Derg". In 1975, it embraced communism as an ideology; it remained in power until 1987. Between 1975 and 1987, the Derg executed and imprisoned tens of thousands of its opponents without trial.

• What is this article about?

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 14:39, 22 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

• Could you tell me which are the cities included in the woreda of Boqojjii?
  • I have never been to Bokoji woreda, so my knowledge of the area is limited. The only town in Boqojji I know is called Boqoji itself. It is the birth place of famous athletes like Kenenisa, Tirunesh and Derartu
• Subdivisions of Ethiopia - Qoqooddama Itoophiyaa
• Godaansa Oromo - Godaansa Oromoo Guddichas ni jedhama — Godaansi Oromoo baballachuu ummata Oromoo kan jaarraa 16ffaa fi 17ffaa keessa giddu galeessa Itoophiyaatii gara kaabaatti godhame dha. Godaansi kun mootummaa sanyii Salamoon kan Abisiiniyaa irratti dhiibbaa guddaa fide. Akkasumas mootummaa Adaal kan dhiheenya sana moo'amee turerrattis dhiibba guddaa fiduudhan akka dhabamtu godhe.

• Mootummaa Jimmaa - Mootummaan Jimmaa mootummaa naannoo Gibee jiran keessa tokko yoo ta'u kan hundaa'es jaarraa 19ffaa keessa. Mootummaan Jimmaa karaa dhihaa Limmuu-Inaariyaa wajjin daangaa kan qooddatu yoo ta'u, karaa bahaa Mootummaa Sidaamoo kan Jaanjaroo, fi karaa kibbaa Mootummaa Kafaarraa Laga Gojabiin addaan ba'a. Jimma waraanaan mootummoota naannoo Gibee jiran keessaa isa jabaataa dha. Daawuroo, loqoda Oometoo kan ta'e, afaan naannoo sanaa ture; boodarra garuu Afaan Oromootin dhaalame.
  • Dawro, an Ometo dialect, was the native language; it later slowly gave way to Oromo. I doubt the accuracy of this statement because Jimma Kingdom was entirely an Oromo kingdom who has nothing to do with Dawro. As far as I know, the language used was Afan Oromo and it was fully Oromo kingdom. Quoting a source is necessary for this I think. Do you have any source?

• Dargii ykn Darguu (jecha Gi'iizirraa kan dhufe yoo ta'u hiikaansaa koree jechuudha) maqaa koree qindeessaa humna waraanaa, poolisii, fi milishaa Itoophiyaa kan biyyattii bara 1974 amma 1987tti bulcheeti. Dargiin Hayilaa Sillaaseen erga angoorraa buufamee booda aango qabate. Hundaa'ee odoo hin turin, Dargiin maqaa isaa gara Koree Bulchaa Waraana Kan Yeroo (Provisional Military Administrative Council) jijjiirrate, haa ta'u malee ummata biratti maqaa Dargii jedhamuun irra beekkama. Bara 1975tti, barsiisa komunizimii fudhate; hanga 1987ttis aangorra ture. Bara 1975 fi 1987 gidduutti, Dargiin namoota kuma kudhaniitti lakkaa'aman mana murtiitti odoo hin dhiyeessin hidhee fi ajjeesse.

• According to the IMF, Ethiopia was one of the fastest growing economies in the world, registering over 10% economic growth from 2004 through 2009.
  • Akka IMFn jedhutti, dinagdeen Itoophiyaa addunyaarraa warra saffisaan guddachaa jiran keessa tokko yoo ta'u, bara 2004 hanga 2009tti dhibbeentaa 10% oliin guddachaa ture.

Tumsaa (talk) 13:10, 23 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Translations

Now we have three article regarding the history of Ethiopia in Oromo. I would like to ask you to translate some articles as well.

• Dublin is the capital of Ireland.
• The Kingdom of Aksum or Axum, also known as the Aksumite Empire, was a trading nation in the area of northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, which existed from approximately 100–940 AD.
• Fasilides (Ge'ez ፋሲልደስ; 1603 – 18 October 1667) was emperor of Ethiopia from 1632 to 18 October 1667, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty.
• Fasil Ghebbi (Royal Enclosure) is the remains of a fortress-city within Gondar, Ethiopia, that was founded by Emperor Fasilides (Fasil) and was the home of Ethiopia's emperors in the 17th and 18th centuries.
• Tigray Region (ትግራይ ክልል Tigrāy Kilil) is the northernmost of the nine ethnic regions (kililoch) of Ethiopia and is the homeland of the Tigray people. Its capital is Mek'ele.
• The Afar Regional State (Afar: Qafar; Amharic: አፋር ክልል?) is one of the nine regional states (kililoch) of Ethiopia, and is the homeland of the Afar people. Its capital is the recently constructed city of Semera.
• Amhara (Amharic: አማራ?) is one of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia, containing the homeland of the Amhara people. Its capital is Bahir Dar.
• Benishangul-Gumuz, (Amharic:ቤንሻንጉል ጉሙዝ) is one of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia. The region's capital is Asosa.
• Gambela, (Amharic: ጋምቤላ?) also official known as Gambela Peoples' Region, is one of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia. Its capital is Gambela.

Thanks for your help. I think that, taking into account that most of the Oromos live in Ethiopia, having information about this country is essential for this Wikipedia. --Chabi1 (talk) 16:46, 23 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

• Dublin is the capital of Ireland.
  • Dabliin magaalaa guddoo Aayerlaandi.
• The Kingdom of Aksum or Axum, also known as the Aksumite Empire, was a trading nation in the area of northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, which existed from approximately 100–940 AD.
  • Mootummaa Aaksuum ykn Aaksuum, Impaayera Aaksumis ni jedhama, biyyaa kaaba Itoophiyaa fi Eertiraa turtee fi daldalaan beekamtuu yoo taatu kan turtes tilmaamaan 100-940 DhKB.
• Fasilides (Ge'ez ፋሲልደስ; 1603 – 18 October 1667) was emperor of Ethiopia from 1632 to 18 October 1667, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty.
  • Faasiladas(1603-1667) bara 1632 hanga Onkololeessa 18 1667tti mootii Itoophiyaa ture. Faasiladas mootii sanyii Salamoon keessaa dhufe.
• Tigray Region (ትግራይ ክልል Tigrāy Kilil) is the northernmost of the nine ethnic regions (kililoch) of Ethiopia and is the homeland of the Tigray people. Its capital is Mek'ele.
  • Naannoon Tigraayi mootummoota naannoo salgan keessaa tokkoo fi fiixee kaaba Itoophiyaatti kan argamu yoo ta'u iddoo jireenyaa ummata Tigraayi. Magaalaa guddoon Tigraayi Maqalee jedhama.

• The Afar Regional State (Afar: Qafar; Amharic: አፋር ክልል?) is one of the nine regional states (kililoch) of Ethiopia, and is the homeland of the Afar people. Its capital is the recently constructed city of Semera.
  • Mootummaa Naannoo Affaar mootummoota naannoo kan Itoophiyaa salgan keessa tokko. Mootummaan Naannoo Affaar iddoo jireenyaa ummata Affaari. Magaalaa guddoon naannoo kanaa magaalaa reefu ijaarramte Samaraa dha.

• Amhara (Amharic: አማራ?) is one of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia, containing the homeland of the Amhara people. Its capital is Bahir Dar.
  • Mootummaa Naannoo Amaaraa mootummoota naannoo kan Itoophiyaa salgan keessa tokko. Mootummaan Naannoo Amaaraa iddoo jireenyaa ummata Amaaraa yoo ta'u magaalaa guddoon naannoo kanaa Baahir Daari.

• Benishangul-Gumuz, (Amharic:ቤንሻንጉል ጉሙዝ) is one of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia. The region's capital is Asosa.
  • Mootummaa Naannoo Benishaangul-Gumuz mootummoota naannoo kan Itoophiyaa salgan keessa tokko. Magaalaa guddoon naannoo kanaa Asoosa dha.

• Gambela, (Amharic: ጋምቤላ?) also official known as Gambela Peoples' Region, is one of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia. Its capital is Gambela.
  • Mootummaa Naannoo Gaambeellaa, Mootummaa Naannoo Ummatoota Gaambeellaas ni jedhama, mootummoota naannoo kan Itoophiyaa salgan keessa tokko. Magaalaa guddoon naannoo kanaa Gaambeellaa dha.

Tumsaa (talk) 11:10, 24 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Translations

Could you please translate this?

• Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia
• The House of Solomon was the former Imperial House of Ethiopia. Its members claim lineal descent from Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba, the latter of whom tradition asserts gave birth to Menelik I after her biblically described visit to Solomon in Jerusalem. These claims of Solomonic descent make the Ethiopian royal house among the two oldest in the world (the other being the Imperial Dynasty of Japan).
• Menelik I, first Solomonic Emperor of Ethiopia, is traditionally believed to be the son of King Solomon of ancient Israel and Makeda, ancient Queen of Sheba (in modern Ethiopia). He is alleged to have ruled around 950 BC, according to traditional sources. Tradition credits him with bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Ethiopia, following a visit to Jerusalem to meet his father upon reaching adulthood.

What's the meaning of Dhangal'oo? Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 11:42, 24 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Hi Chabi1. Here is few translations:

• States of matter
  • Dhangala'oo - liquid
  • Jajjaboo - solid
  • gaazii - gas
• Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia
  • Mootummaa Waraanaa Yeroo Itoophiyaa Sooshaalistii (???)
• Solomonic dynasty - I am not interested in that myth. The Oromo people were dehumanized and mistreated under those so called Solomonic dynasties. Right now, I want to focus on fields that are more important/beneficiary to the Oromo.

Tumsaa (talk) 12:03, 28 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Sorry about that. I didn't know it.

Translation

Could you please translate this?

Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. In an older and closely related meaning, "science" also refers to a body of knowledge itself, of the type that can be rationally explained and reliably applied. A practitioner of science is known as a scientist.

--Chabi1 (talk) 14:21, 28 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Saayinsiin(jecha Laatinii scientia jedhurraa kan dhufe, hiikaansaa "beekumsa") mala ittiin beekumsa waa'ee yuuniversii ijaaruu fi qindeessu yoo ta'u beekkumsi kunis ibsa yaalidhaan qoramuu danda'uu fi waan gara fuulduraa ta'uuf jiru dubbachuu danda'uu irratti hundaa'ee. Hiikaan kan durii garu kanatti kan dhiyaatu "saayinsii" qaama beekumsaa tokko, kan karaa namaa galuun ibsamuu danda'uu fi kan haala amansiisaa ta'een hojiirra oolchun danda'amudha. Namoonni saayinsii hojjatan saayintistii jedhamu. Tumsaa (talk) 15:05, 28 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

Physics (from Ancient Greek: φυσική (ἐπιστήμη) phusikḗ (epistḗmē) “knowledge of nature”, from φύσις phúsis "nature") is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.

--Chabi1 (talk) 21:33, 28 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Fiiziksiin (jecha Giriikii durii: φυσική (ἐπιστήμη) phusikḗ (epistḗmē) “beekumsa ummamaa”, jecha φύσις phúsis "ummama") gosa saayinsii uummama kan qorannoo wantoota fi akkaataa itti wantoonni yeroo fi bakka keessa socho'an qo'atu, kana wajjin yaadota anniisaa fi humnaa dabalatee. Ballaatee yoo hiikkamu, fiiziksiin qorannoo uummamaa ti, kan haala yuunivarsii baruuf qoratamu. Tumsaa (talk) 12:22, 29 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this article?

Chemistry, a branch of physical science, is the study of the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. Chemistry is chiefly concerned with atoms and molecules and their interactions and transformations, for example, the properties of the chemical bonds formed between atoms to create chemical compounds. As such, chemistry studies the involvement of electrons and various forms of energy in photochemical reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, changes in phases of matter, and separation of mixtures. Preparation and properties of complex substances, such as alloys, polymers, biological molecules, and pharmaceutical agents are considered in specialized fields of chemistry.

Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. T

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 16:57, 29 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

• Could you tell me what is this text about? --Chabi1 (talk) 08:38, 30 Adooleessa 2014 (UTC)

Hi Chabi1. Translating the paragraph about Chemistry is very difficult because Afan Oromo isn't so rich with science terminologies.

• Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
  • Baayoloojiin gosa saayinsii uummama kan waa'ee lubbuu fi lubbu qabeeyyii qoratu; kunis akkataa itti isaan tolfaman, guddina isaanii, faayidaa isaanii, tatamsa'ina isaanii, ivoluushinii isaanii fi gareetti qoodu(taxonomy) of keessatti qabata.

• The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
  • Atamiin bu'uura wantootaa yoo ta'u garaa walakkaasaa keessaa niwuukilesii yabbuu ta'e qaba. Niwuukilesii kanatti elektiroonota chaarjii nageetiva ta'e qabanitu marsee argama.
• Could you tell me what is this text about?
  • That article is a commentary on Geneis (Bible). It describes from the Bible how things were created by God.

Tumsaa (talk) 08:34, 1 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Articles

How do you say "featured articles" in Oromo? I would like to create that category in order to enhance the quality of this Wikipedia. --Chabi1 (talk) 08:06, 1 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

There is no direct equivalent but we can use Barruu gaarii for featured articles. That can convey the meaning we need. Tumsaa (talk) 10:14, 1 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

I would like to propose Qananiisaa Baqqalaa as a featured article for this Wiki. What do you think about it? --Chabi1 (talk) 11:45, 1 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Also, if you wikified Sheek Mahaammad Rashaad Abdullee, it can be presented as a featured article. --Chabi1 (talk) 11:47, 1 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

I agree, Qananiisaa Baqqalaa is a good article. But the article about Sheek Mahaammad Rashaad Abdullee requires editing still. If you need other good articles, I propose Xurunash Dibaabaa, Abbabaa Biqilaa, Onesmoos Nasib, Alii Birraa, Taaddasaa Birruu, Guddinaa Tumsaa, Elemoo Qilxuu, etc. Tumsaa (talk) 12:07, 1 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

We already have a category for featured articles.

I've seen that you've translated "Mexico City" as "Meeksikoo Siitii". Wouldn't it be better to translate it as "Magaalaa Meeksikoo"?

Could you please translate this article?

Mathematics is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 09:18, 2 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Hi Chabi1.

• Mathematics is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics.
  • Herregni qorannoo akka baayyinaa (lakkoofsa), caasaa, iddoo/bakka fi jijjiirama geggeessa. Beektota herregaa fi falaasamaa gidduutti hiikaa fi mata dureewwan herrega irratti yaada adda addaatu jira.
• "Meeksikoo Siitii" vs "Magaalaa Meeksikoo"
  • I am not sure if it is necessary to translate words in names of places like Mexico City or New York. What do you think?

Tumsaa (talk) 06:52, 5 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

To translate or not translate? That's the question

I think that it depends on the linguistic policy that Oromo Academy (or the representative body of the language) has.

For instance, in Northern Sotho (a South African language) sometimes translate terms and sometimes transliterate them.

• ‘carbonated water’ meetse ao a tšhetšwego khapone. (lit.meaning) ‘water to which carbon has been added
• electron => elektrone or eleketerone or eleketrone. (transliteration)
• ‘electrochemical’mohlagasekhemikhale, lit. meaning ‘electric + chemical’ < mohlagase wa khemikhale. (compounding)

If there is no official policy, I'd rather try to translate instead of adapting if there is already a term in Oromo. If not, it is better to transliterate.

Regarding Mexico City I have to say that the language spoken in Mexico is Spanish, not English so the official name of the city is "Ciudad de México". In English, they've translated it. I believe we can do the same in Oromo, translate the term as in English. Otherwise, we are adding too many English words into the language. --Chabi1 (talk) 09:02, 5 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Regarding this, there is no clear policy set by any academy for Afan Oromo. In school text books, the ministry of education of Oromia regional state tries to use the combination of what you mentioned above.

• Translation -> habitat - bidoollee, alloy - laaqii
• Transliteration -> electron - elektiroonii, elements - elementoota
• Compounding -> non-metals - sibiilaala (from sibiila ala)

Regarding Mexico city, since you mentioned that it is not its native name, the native name being "Ciudad de México", then it should be translated. Since the English name itself is a translation, then using it in Afan Oromo as if it is native name does not make sense. But personally, I prefer the native name to be used as it is than translating it which creates a new name. For example, New York, Ivory Coast, Addis Ababa (New Flower if translated), Cape of Good Hope, etc. It is sometimes confusing when to translate and when not. Tumsaa (talk) 11:59, 5 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

I would translate the names of countries and capital cities. The rest I would transliterate it. However, I would make an exception with names such as New York. I would translate "New" but leve York as it is. --Chabi1 (talk) 16:20, 5 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Could you also transalte this, please?

Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, "house"; -λογία, "study of") is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment, such as the interactions organisms have with each other and with their abiotic environment.

Engineering (from Latin ingenium, meaning "cleverness" and ingeniare, meaning "to contrive, devise") is the application of scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to invent, design, build, maintain, and improve structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.

Economics is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 16:22, 5 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

• Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, "house"; -λογία, "study of") is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment, such as the interactions organisms have with each other and with their abiotic environment.
  • Ikkooloojiin (jecha Giriik: οἶκος, "mana"; -λογία, "qorannoo") qorannoo walitti dhufeenya lubbu-qabeeyyii fi naannoo isaaniiti, kunis walitti dhufeenya lubbu-qabeeyyiin waliin wajjin qabanii fi fi naannoo isaanii wajjin qaban qorata.
• Engineering (from Latin ingenium, meaning "cleverness" and ingeniare, meaning "to contrive, devise") is the application of scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to invent, design, build, maintain, and improve structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.
  • Injineriingiin(jecha Laatinii ingenium, hiikaansaa "qarummaa" fi ingeniare, hiikansaa "kalaquu, tolchuu") fayyadama beekumsa saayinsii, diinagdee, hawaasummaa fi ogummaa fayyadamuun gamoo, maashinoota, meeshaalee, sirnoota, fi wantoota kalaquu, dizzaayinii gochuu, ijaaruu, suphuu fi fooyyessuu irratti xiyyeeffata.

Tumsaa (talk) 12:46, 6 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate these articles?

Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present, that draws and builds upon knowledge from the social sciences and biological sciences, as well as the humanities and the natural sciences.

Science in a broad sense existed before the modern era, and in many historical civilizations, but modern science is so distinct in its approach and successful in its results that it now defines what science is in the strictest sense of the term. Much earlier than the modern era, another important turning point was the development of classical natural philosophy in the ancient Greek-speaking world.

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (July 1, 1646 – November 14, 1716) was a German mathematician and philosopher. He occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.

Thanks for your help --Chabi1 (talk) 13:19, 6 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

• Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present, that draws and builds upon knowledge from the social sciences and biological sciences, as well as the humanities and the natural sciences.
  • Antiroppooloojiin qorannoo waa'ee namootaa ti, kan darbes ta'e kan ammaa ta'uu danda'aa. Qorannoon namootaa kun beekkumsa saayinsii hawaasaa fi baayooloojii, akkasumas saayinsii uummmaa fi namoommaa irratti hunda'aa.

• Science in a broad sense existed before the modern era, and in many historical civilizations, but modern science is so distinct in its approach and successful in its results that it now defines what science is in the strictest sense of the term. Much earlier than the modern era, another important turning point was the development of classical natural philosophy in the ancient Greek-speaking world.

• • Saayinsiin, ballifamee yoo ilaallame, bara ammayyaa dura ture, qarooma durii baayyee keessa ture. Garuu saayinsiin ammayyaa adeemsa isaatin adda waan ta'eef akkasumas bu'aa isaan waan milkaa'eef jecha saayinsii jedhu kan ammayyaa kun isa kanaan hiikkama. Bara ammayyaa dura, jijjiirramni guddaan kan biraa falaasamni uummamaa kan durii naannoo Giriikitti dhalachuu isaati.

• Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (July 1, 1646 – November 14, 1716) was a German mathematician and philosopher. He occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.
  • Gootfiriid Viilheelmi Voon Laayibiniizi (Adoolessa 1, 1646 – Sadaasa 14, 1716) abaa herregaa fi filoosoofera lammii Jarmani ti. Laayibiniizi, seenaa herregaa fi falaasamaa keessatti iddoo guddaa qaba.

Tumsaa (talk) 15:16, 14 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Hi! I am sorry to tell you that until -september I won't be able to help much in this project. I would like to ask you to translate the following sentences.

• Wikipedia:List of articles all Wikipedias should have
• Biography
• Actors, dancers and models
• Artists and architects
• Authors, playwrights and poets
• Composers and musicians
• Explorers and travelers
• Film directors and screenwriters
• Inventors, scientists and mathematicians
• Philosophers and social scientists
• Political leaders
• Religious figures and theologians

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 16:26, 17 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Hi Chabi1. Thank you for you contribution till now. You worked tirelessly and made a big difference. I am looking forward to seeing you again. Have a nice time.
Here is the translation:

• Wikipedia:List of articles all Wikipedias should have
  • Wiikiipiidiyaa: Tarreeffama barruu Wiikiipiidiyaaa hundi qabaachuu qabu
• Biography
  • Seenaa jireenyaa
• Actors, dancers and models
  • Taatota, shubbistootaa fi modeelota
• Artists and architects
  • Artistootaa fi arkiteektota
• Authors, playwrights and poets
  • Barreessitoota, barressitoota diraamaa fi walaleessitoota
• Composers and musicians
  • Barreessitoota Walaloo Sirbaa fi Weellistoota
• Explorers and travelers
  • Abuurtotaa fi Kara-deemtota
• Film directors and screenwriters
  • Daarekteroota fiilmii fi Barreessitoota fiilmii
• Inventors, scientists and mathematicians
  • Kalaqxoota, saayintistootaa fi Herreegdota
• Philosophers and social scientists
  • Filoosoferootaa fi saayintistoota hawaasummaa
• Political leaders
  • Geggeessitoota siyaasaa
• Religious figures and theologians
  • Abboota amantii fi namoota tiyooloojii

Tumsaa (talk) 16:06, 18 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Thanks for your words. I will try to do my best. Here are more terms to translate.

• Philosophy and psychology
• Philosophy
• Psychology
• Religion
• World view and religion
• Social sciences
• Family and relationships
• Politics
• Business and economics
• Law
• International organizations
• War and military
• Social issues
• Language and literature
• Science

Thanks for your help and let's improve this Wikipedia! --Chabi1 (talk) 07:26, 19 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

• Philosophy and psychology - Falaasamaa fi Xinsammuu
• Philosophy - Falaasama
• Psychology - Xinsammuu
• Religion - amantii
• World view and religion - Ilaalcha addunyaa fi amantii
• Social sciences - Saayinsii Hawaasa
• Family and relationships - Maatii fi walitti dhufeenya
• Politics - Siyaasa
• Business and economics - Bunaqaa fi Dinagdee
• Law - Seera
• International organizations - Dhaabbata addunyaalessa
• War and military - Lolaa fi waraana
• Social issues - Dhimma hawaasummaa
• Language and literature - Afaanii fi Ogbarruu
• Science - Saayinsii

Tumsaa (talk) 14:26, 19 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Here are more words to translate. Once we finish this article we will start creating the vital articles and thus improving the quality of this Wikipedia.

• Astronomy
• Biology
• Biological processes
• Anatomy
• Health and medicine
• Organisms
• Chemistry
• Earth science
• Physics
• Measurement and units
• Timekeeping
• Foodstuffs
• Beverages
• Mathematics
• Technology
• Communication
• Electronics
• Computers and Internet
• Energy and fuels
• Materials
• Transportation
• Weapons
• Arts and recreation
• Architecture and civil engineering
• Film, radio and television
• Music
• Recreation
• History and geography
• History
• Prehistory and ancient world
• Middle Ages and Early Modern
• Modern
• Geography
• Continents and major regions
• Countries
• Cities
• Bodies of water
• Mountains and deserts

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 16:52, 19 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

I couldn't find the equivalent in Afan Oromo for some of these terms. Hopefully, I will find soon by talking to linguists or reading text books.

• Astronomy - Qorannoo Urjii
• Biology - Baayoloojii
• Biological processes -
• Anatomy -
• Health and medicine -
• Organisms -orgaanizimoota
• Chemistry - Kemistirii
• Earth science -
• Physics - Fiiziksii
• Measurement and units -
• Timekeeping -
• Foodstuffs -
• Beverages - Dhugaatii lallaafaa
• Mathematics - Herreega
• Technology - Teknooloojii
• Communication -
• Electronics - Elektirooniksii
• Computers and Internet - Kompitaraa fi Interneetii
• Energy and fuels - Anniisaa fi boba'aa
• Materials -
• Transportation - Geejjiba
• Weapons - Meeshaa
• Arts and recreation - Aartii fi Bashannana
• Architecture and civil engineering -
• Film, radio and television - Fiilmii, raadiyoo fi televizyiinii
• Music - Sirba
• Recreation - Bashannana
• History and geography - Seenaa fi Hawaasa
• History - Seenaa
• Prehistory and ancient world -
• Middle Ages and Early Modern -
• Modern - Ammayyaa
• Geography - Hawaasa
• Continents and major regions - Ardilee fi naannoolee gurguddaa
• Countries - Biyyoota
• Cities - Magaalota
• Bodies of water - Qaama bishaanii
• Mountains and deserts - Tulluuwwanii fi gammoojjii

Tumsaa (talk) 11:06, 20 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Some of the terms I translated previously should have been translated differently.

• Authors, playwrights and poets
  • Barreessitoota, barressitoota diraamaa fi Waloota (Walaleessitoota to Waloota)
• Family and relationships
  • Maatii fi Hariiroo (Walitti dhufeenyaa to hariiroo)

Tumsaa (talk) 11:13, 20 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

I have already corrected those mistakes. Here I leave more terms

Geography City Continent Mountain Desert North Pole Ocean Rainforest River Sea South Pole Glass Paper Plastic Wood Beer Coffee Juice Milk Tea Water Wine

• Geography - Hawaasa
• City - Magaala
• Continent - Ardii
• Mountain - Tulluu
• Desert - Gammoojjii
• North Pole - Utubaa kaabaa
• Ocean - Garba
• Rainforest -
• River - Laga
• Sea - Galaana
• South Pole - utubaa kibbaa
• Glass - fuullee
• Paper - Waraqaa
• Plastic - Pilaastikii
• Wood - Muka
• Beer - Biiraa
• Coffee - Buna
• Juice - Cuunfaa
• Milk - Aannan
• Tea - shayii
• Water - Bishaan
• Wine - Wayiinii

Tumsaa (talk) 14:53, 20 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

More

• Technology
• Biotechnology
• Clothing
• Cotton
• Engineering
• Machine
• Robot
• Screw
• Wheel
• Agriculture
• Irrigation
• Plough
• Metallurgy
• Nanotechnology
• Communication
• Book
• Information
• Encyclopedia
• Journalism
• Newspaper
• Mass media
• Printing
• Telephone
• Nature
• Abortion
• Capital punishment
• Human rights
• Racism
• Slavery
• Civil war
• Military
• Peace
• War
• Law
• Constitution
• Society
• Civilization
• Education

• Technology - Teknooloojii
• Biotechnology - Teeknoolojii jiree
• Clothing - Uffata
• Cotton - Jirbii
• Engineering - Injineriingii
• Machine - Maashinii
• Robot - Roobotii
• Screw - Cinkaara
• Wheel - Marii
• Agriculture - Qonna
• Irrigation - Jallisii
• Plough - Gindii
• Metallurgy - Xinalbuuda
• Nanotechnology - naanooteknooloojii
• Communication - qunnamtii
• Book - Kitaaba
• Information - Odeeffannoo
• Encyclopedia - Kubee
• Journalism - Gaazexeessummaa
• Newspaper - Galalcha
• Mass media - Meeshaa Sab-qunnamtii
• Printing - Maxxansuu
• Telephone - Biblbila
• Nature - Uummama
• Abortion - Ulfa baasuu
• Capital punishment - Murtii du'aa
• Human rights - Mirga dhala namaa
• Racism - sanyummaa
• Slavery - Garbummaa
• Civil war - Waraana waliinii
• Military - Waraana
• Peace - Nageenya
• War - Waraana
• Law - Seera
• Constitution - Heera
• Society - Hawaasa
• Civilization - Qarooma
• Education - Barnoota

Tumsaa (talk) 12:17, 21 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate these terms?

• Family
• Child
• Man
• Marriage
• Woman
• Politics
• Anarchism
• Colonialism
• Communism
• Conservatism
• Democracy
• Dictatorship
• Diplomacy
• Fascism
• Globalization
• Government
• Ideology
• Imperialism
• Liberalism
• Marxism
• Monarchy
• Nationalism
• Republic
• Socialism
• State (polity)
• Political party
• Propaganda
• Terrorism
• Economics
• Capital
• Capitalism
• Currency
• Euro
• Japanese yen
• United States dollar
• Industry
• Money
• Tax
• Calendar
• Gregorian calendar
• Clock
• Day
• Time zone

Year

--Chabi1 (talk) 09:22, 23 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

For some of the words here, it is very difficult to find the Afan Oromo equivalent. I translated some of the terms that have Oromo equivalent.

• Family - Maatii
• Child - Daa'ima
• Man - dhiira
• Marriage - Gaa'ila
• Woman - Dubartii
• Politics - Siyaasa
• Anarchism - mititaayitummaa
• Colonialism - dagabraafannoo/ Gitabittaffannoo
• Communism - Kominizimii/ waltummaa
• Conservatism - rincicummaa
• Democracy - Dimookiraasii
• Dictatorship - Abbaa iree
• Diplomacy - Dippilomaasii/lamummaa
• Fascism - Faashizimii
• Globalization -
• Government - Mootummaa
• Ideology - baruyaa
• Imperialism - isximaarummaa
• Liberalism - durkummaa
• Marxism - Maarkisizimii
• Monarchy - mootiffa
• Nationalism - Biyyalessummaa
• Republic - Riippabiliika
• Socialism - Sooshaalizimii
• State (polity) -
• Political party - Dhaaba siyaasaa
• Propaganda - Holola
• Terrorism - Shororkeessummaa
• Economics - Dinagdee
• Capital - Kaappitaala/ Dilbii
• Capitalism - Kaappitaalizimii/ Dilbummaa
• Currency - maallaqa
• Euro - Yuuroo
• Japanese yen - Yeenii Jaappaan
• United States dollar - Doolaara Ameerikaa
• Industry - Industirii
• Money - Maallaqa
• Tax - Gibira
• Calendar - Dhaha
• Gregorian calendar - Dhaha Girigooriyaanii
• Clock - Sa'aa
• Day - Guyyaa
• Time zone - Godina Yeroo
• Year - Waggaa

Tumsaa (talk) 13:42, 25 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Hi! I have been adding interwikis in some of the articles of the wiki.

Could you please help me with the translation of these articles?

The Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization (OPDO) is an ethnic-based political party in Ethiopia, and part of the alliance with the Amhara National Democratic Movement, the South Ethiopian Peoples' Democratic Front and the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front that forms the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).

Interlingua is an international auxiliary language (IAL), a modern version of Latin, developed between 1937 and 1951 by the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). Interlingua was developed to combine a simple, mostly regular grammar with a vocabulary common to the widest possible range of languages, making it unusually easy to learn, at least for those whose native languages were sources of Interlingua's vocabulary and grammar. Conversely, it is used as a rapid introduction to many natural languages.

I will return in brief with the list of necessary articles. Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 08:22, 30 Haggaya 2014 (UTC)

• The Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization (OPDO) is an ethnic-based political party in Ethiopia, and part of the alliance with the Amhara National Democratic Movement, the South Ethiopian Peoples' Democratic Front and the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front that forms the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).
  • Dhaabbata Dimookiraasummaa Ummata Oromoo (DhDUO) dhaaba siyaasa Itoophiyaa ti. Dhaabni kun dhaabota siyaasaa Adda-Bilisa Baasaa Ummata Tigraay, Adda Dimokiraatawaa Ummattoota Itoophiyaa Kibbaa, fi Warraaqsa Biyyoolessaa Dimokiraatawaa Amaara wajjin tokkummaa uumun Adda Warraaqsa Dimokiraatawaa Ummattoota Itoophiyaa (ADWUI) uumma.

• Interlingua is an international auxiliary language (IAL), a modern version of Latin, developed between 1937 and 1951 by the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). Interlingua was developed to combine a simple, mostly regular grammar with a vocabulary common to the widest possible range of languages, making it unusually easy to learn, at least for those whose native languages were sources of Interlingua's vocabulary and grammar. Conversely, it is used as a rapid introduction to many natural languages.
  • Iinterliinguwaan afaan addunyaalessaa dabalataa (AAD) (international auxiliary language (IAL)) yoo ta'u gosa Laatinii kan ammayyaa ti. Iinterliinguwaan bara 1937 fi 1951 gidduutti Dhaabbata Addunyaalessaa Afaan Dabalataatin (International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA)) uummame. Iinterliinguwaan kan uummameef seerluga salphaa fi irra jireessa qajeeltoo ta'e jechoota afaan baayyee keessatti beekkaman wajjin walitti fiduuf ture; kun immoo afaan kana baruu baayyee salphaa taasise, yoo xiqqaate namoota afaan Iinterliinguwaan jechootaa fi seerluga irraa fudhateef. Haala faallaa ta'een, afaan ummamaatiif akka ittiin lixa salphaatti tajaajila.
• According to the IMF, Ethiopia was one of the fastest growing economies in the world, registering over 10% economic growth from 2004 through 2009. It was the fastest-growing non-oil-dependent African economy in the years 2007 and 2008. Growth has decelerated moderately in 2012 to 7% and is projected to be 6.5% in the future – reflecting weaker external demand and an increasingly constrained environment for private sector activity.
  • Akka Dhaabbannii Maallaqa Addunyaa jedhutti, Itoophiyaan biyyoota addunyaarra baayyee saffisaan guddachaa jiran keessa ishii tokko yoo taatu bara 2004 hanga 2009tti guddina diinagdee dhibbeentaa 10% ol galmessisiifte. Kunis bara 2007 fi 2008 diinagdee boba'aa-maleessa kan baayyee saffisaan guddachaa ture dha. Bara 2012tti, guddinni kun gara 7%tti gadi bu'e. Gara fuulduraatti, guddinni Itoophiyaa naannoo 6.5% ta'a jedhamee tilmaamama - kunis fedhiin namoota biyya alaa dadhabaa kan deemu fi sochiin abboota dhuunfa biyya keessaa ammoo kan daangeffame ta'u irraan kan ka'edha.

Tumsaa (talk) 12:48, 1 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate the following texts?

The major portion of Ethiopia lies on the Horn of Africa, which is the easternmost part of the African landmass. Bordering Ethiopia are Sudan and South Sudan to the west, Djibouti and Eritrea to the north, Somalia to the east and Kenya to the south. Within Ethiopia is a vast highland complex of mountains and dissected plateaus divided by the Great Rift Valley, which runs generally southwest to northeast and is surrounded by lowlands, steppes, or semi-desert. The great diversity of terrain determines wide variations in climate, soils, natural vegetation, and settlement patterns.

Ethiopia is an ecologically diverse country, ranging from the deserts along the eastern border to the tropical forests in the south to extensive Afromontane in the northern and southwestern parts. Lake Tana in the north is the source of the Blue Nile. It also has a large number of endemic species, notably the Gelada Baboon, the Walia Ibex and the Ethiopian wolf (or Simien fox). The wide range of altitude has given the country a variety of ecologically distinct areas, this has helped to encourage the evolution of endemic species in ecological isolation.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 14:02, 2 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Could you please tell me the meaning of Gita, Mootummaa, Murna, Oordarii, Qaccee and Warra so that I can add the interwikis? --Chabi1 (talk) 14:43, 2 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

It is taxonomic rank of organisms.

• Kingdom - Mootummaa
• Phylum - Murna
• Class - Gita
• Order - Oordarii
• Family - Warra
• Genus - Qaccee
• Species - Sanyii

Tumsaa (talk) 15:09, 2 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

I've sseen that you have created the category taaksonoomii but in the article Baayoolojii you have translated taxonomy as gareetti qoodu. Which one is correct? --Chabi1 (talk) 15:20, 2 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Gareetti qoodu is a phrase which I used to make the sentence more simple to understand. It is like saying classification of organisms in English which in another way is taxonomy. Normally, taaksonoomii is used in text books.

• I moved the article Baayoolojii to Baayoloojii because of spelling error.

Tumsaa (talk) 16:41, 2 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate the following excerpts:

The region of Oromia was inhabited by different ethnic communities for centuries. The earliest people to live in northern Oromia are believed to be muslim Gurage people from southern Abyssinia. The sultanate of Showa, dominated by the gurage settled in what is today shewa many centuries before the somali speaking Sultanate of Ifat annexed the region. Other accounts however suggest Aksum/Abyssinian control of both Shawa and bale for centuries until the rise of the somali Imam Ahmed. In the 1500s, the Oromo speaking people, who follow an indigenous religion based on one God - Waqaafeenna, immigrated to the land now known as Oromia and many of them adopted both the Muslim and Orthodox christian religions.

Languages

Oromo (Oromiffa), presently written with Latin characters, is the most commonly spoken language, constituting 83.5% of the spoken language. Other major languages are Amharic (11%) (especially in eastern Welega and northern Shewa), Gurage languages (Sebat Bet Gurage, Soddo, Silt'e), Hadiya, Gedeo (0.98%), especially in western and eastern Shewa; and Tigrigna (0.25%). Omotic languages are spoken by significant minorities in Jimma, Illubabor and western Welega; and some Nilo-Saharan languages (including Komo, Majang, Gumuz, and Berta) are spoken in communities scattered in the west.

Economy

The CSA reported that for 2004-2005 115,083 tons of coffee were produced in Oromia, based on inspection records from the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea Authority. This represents 50.7% of the total production in Ethiopia. Farmers in the Region had an estimated total of 17,214,540 cattle (representing 44.4% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 6,905,370 sheep (39.6), 4,849,060 goats (37.4%), 959,710 horses (63.25%), 63,460 mules (43.1%), 278,440 asses (11.1%), 139,830 camels (30.6%), 11,637,070 poultry of all species (37.7%), and 2,513,790 beehives (57.73%).

According to a March 2003 World Bank publication, the average rural household has 1.14 hectares of land compared to the national average of 1.01 hectares, 24% of the population is in non-farm related jobs compared to the national average of 25%.

Thanks for your help. Chabi

Jaarraa baayyedhaaf, naannoo Oromiyaa keessa gosoota/ummattoota adda addaatu jraachaa ture. Ummanni jalqaba kaaba Oromiyaa keessa ture Guraagee amntiin muuslima turan yoo ta'u isaanis kibba Aabisiiniyaarraa kan dhufan turan jedhamee yaaddama. Sulxaanni Shawaa, Guraagota naannoo Shawaa qubataniin bulaa ture; kunis Yifaat kan afaan Sumaalee dubbatu naannoo sana odoo hin qabatin jaarraa baayyee dura ture. Garuu yaadni kan biraa ammoo mootummaan Aaksuum/Aabisiiniyaa Shawaa fi Baale jaarraa baayyedhaaf odoo Sumaaltichi Imaam Ahimad hin dhufin dura bulchaa ture jedhus ni jira. 1500 keessa, ummanni Afaan Oromoo dubbatu, kan amantii mataasa qabuu fi waaqa tokkotti amanu - Waaqeffannaa - naannoo amma Oromiyaa jedhamu kanatti godaanuun qabate. Ummanni Oromoo baayyenis amantii Islaamaa fi Kiristaana Ortodoksii fudhate achumaan fudhate.

Afaanota
Afaan Oromoo (Oromiffa), kan yeroo ammaa qubee Laatiniitin barreeffamu, afaan ballinaan dubbatmu yoo ta'u kunis afaan Oromiyaa keessatti dubbatamu keessaa 83.5% ta'a. Afaanonni kan biraa kan baayyinaan dubbataman Amaariffa (11%) (keessaahuu Wallagga Bahaa fi Shawaa Kaabaa keessatti), afaan Guraagee (Sabat beet Guraagee, Sooddoo fi Silxee), Hadiyyiffaa, afaan Gede'oo (0.98%) (keessumaayyuu Shawaa Dhihaa fi Bahaa keessatti), Tigiriffa (o.25%). Afaanonni Oomotiik ummata muraasaan naannoo Jimmaa, Iluu Abbaa Booraa fi Wallagga Lixaa keessatti ni dubbatama; afaanonnii Naayiloo-Sahaaraa (Koomoo, Majangi, Gumuzii fi Bartaa) ummattoota dhihaa keessa faffaca'anii jiraniin ni dubbatama.

Diinagdee
Akka AII(Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiiksii Itoophiyaa) gabaasetti, bara 2004-2005tti Oromiyaa keessatti buna toonii 115,083 oomishame; kunis galmee Abbaa Taayitaa Bunaa fi Shaayii Itoophiyaa argame. Lakkoofsi kun oomisha bunaa Itoophiyaa keessaa dhibbeentaa 50.7% ta'a. Qonnaan bultoonnii naannoo Oromiyaa loon 17,214,540 qabu (kunis loon Itoophiyaa keessaa 44.4% ta'a), hoolota 6,905,370 (39.6), re'oota 4,849,060 (37.4%), fardeen 959,710 (63.25%), gaangota 63,460 (43.1%), harree 278,440 (11.1%), gaala 139,830 (30.6%), lukkuu 11,637,070 (37.7%), fi kaanniisa gaagura 2,513,790 (57.73%) qabu.

Akka maxxansaa Baankii Addunyaa Bitootessa 2003tti, abbaan warraa baadiyaa lafa heektaara 1.14 qaba, kunis qabeenya lafaa kan biyyatti kan heektaara 1.01 ta'e ni caala. Namoonni 24% hojii qonnaan alaarratti kan bobba'ani(kan biyyatti ammoo 25%).

Tumsaa (talk) 15:07, 6 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

• Animal
• Arthropod
• Insect
• Ant
• Bee
• Mosquito
• Spider
• Chordate
• Amphibian
• Frog
• Bird
• Chicken
• Pigeons and doves
• Fish
• Shark
• Mammal
• Camel
• Cat
• Cattle
• Dog
• Elephant
• Horse
• Sheep
• Rodent
• Domestic pig
• Primate
• Human
• Whales, dolphins and porpoises
• Reptile
• Dinosaur
• Snake
• Archaea
• Bacteria
• Fungus
• Plant
• Flower
• Tree
• Protist

Here is some of the translations. I will find the others soon.

• Animal - Bineelda
• Arthropod -
• Insect - Ilbiisa
• Ant - Mixii
• Bee - Kanniisa
• Mosquito - Bookee busaa
• Spider - shiririitii
• Chordate -
• Amphibian -
• Frog - Raacha
• Bird - Simbira
• Chicken - Lukkuu
• Pigeons and doves - Gugee
• Fish - Qurxummii
• Shark -
• Mammal - hoosiftuu
• Camel - Gaala
• Cat - Adurree
• Cattle - horii
• Dog - Saree
• Elephant - Arba
• Horse - Farda
• Sheep - Hoolaa
• Rodent -
• Domestic pig - booyyee manaa
• Primate -
• Human - nama
• Whales, dolphins and porpoises -
• Reptile - Reptaayilii
• Dinosaur - Daayinooserii
• Snake - bofa
• Archaea - Arkiyaa
• Bacteria - Baakteeriyaa
• Fungus - Faangasii
• Plant - Biqiltuu
• Flower - Ilillii
• Tree - Muka
• Protist -

Tumsaa (talk) 13:20, 15 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translate

Could you please translate the following nouns? Beauty Dialectic Ethics Epistemology Feminism Free will Knowledge Logic Mind Philosophy Probability Reality Truth Behavior Emotion Love Psychology Thought Family Child Man Marriage Woman Thanks for your help --Chabi1 (talk) 17:30, 16 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

• Beauty - Miidhaga
• Dialectic - Loqoda
• Ethics - safuu
• Epistemology -
• Feminism -
• Free will -
• Knowledge - beekumsa
• Logic - yaayaa
• Mind - sammuu
• Philosophy - falaasama
• Probability -
• Reality -
• Truth - dhugaa
• Behavior - amala
• Emotion - miira
• Love - jaalala
• Psychology - xinsammuu
• Thought - yaada
• Family - maatii
• Child - da'ima
• Man -dhiira
• Marriage - gaa'ila
• Woman - dubartii

Tumsaa (talk) 08:18, 17 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translations

Could please translate these nouns?

Politics Anarchism Colonialism Communism Conservatism Democracy Dictatorship Diplomacy Fascism Globalization Government Ideology Imperialism Liberalism Marxism Monarchy Nationalism Republic Socialism State (polity) Political party Propaganda Terrorism

Language Specific languages Arabic Bengali Chinese English Esperanto French German Greek Hebrew Hindi-Urdu Japanese Latin Persian Portuguese Russian Sanskrit Spanish Swahili Turkish

Linguistics Grammar Word Phoneme Syllable Alphabet Arabic alphabet Chinese characters Cyrillic script Greek alphabet Hangul Latin alphabet Literacy Writing Literature Prose The Art of War Fiction One Thousand and One Nights Novel Dream of the Red Chamber The Tale of Genji Poetry Epic of Gilgamesh Iliad Mahābhārata Shāhnāma Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 10:49, 18 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

I propose kompitara as a featured article. What do you think about it? --Chabi1 (talk) 10:53, 18 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

• Politics - siyaasa
• Anarchism - anaarkizimii
• Colonialism - Kolooniyaalizimii
• Communism - kominizimii
• Conservatism -
• Democracy - Dimookiraasii
• Dictatorship - Abbaa irree
• Diplomacy - dippilomaasii
• Fascism - Faashizimii
• Globalization - Gilobaalaayizeeshinii
• Government - Mootummaa
• Ideology -
• Imperialism - Impeeriyaalizimii
• Liberalism - Liberaalizimii
• Marxism - Maarkisizimii
• Monarchy -
• Nationalism -
• Republic - Rippabiliikii
• Socialism - Sooshaalizimii
• State (polity) -
• Political party - Dhaaba siyaasa
• Propaganda - holola
• Terrorism - Shororkeessumma

• Language - Afaan
• Specific languages -
• Arabic - Arabiffaa
• Bengali - Bengaalii
• Chinese - Chaayiniffa
• English - Ingiliffaa
• Esperanto - Esperaantoo
• French - Firaansiffa
• German - Jarmaniffa
• Greek - Giriik
• Hebrew - Hibruu
• Hindi-Urdu -
• Japanese - Jaappaaniffa
• Latin - Laatinii
• Persian - Pershiyaanii
• Portuguese - Poorchugiffa
• Russian - Raashiyiffa
• Sanskrit - Saniskiriitii
• Spanish - Ispaaniffa/Ispaanishii
• Swahili - Siwaahilii
• Turkish - Tarkiffaa/Tarkishii

• Linguistics - Qorannoo Afaanii
• Grammar - seerluga
• Word - jecha
• Phoneme - dhamsaga
• Syllable - Birsaga
• Alphabet - Qubee
• Arabic alphabet - Qubee Arabiffaa
• Chinese characters -
• Cyrillic script - Qubee Siriliikii
• Greek alphabet - Qubee Giriik
• Hangul - Haanguul
• Latin alphabet - Qubee Laatinii
• Literacy -
• Writing - Barreessuu (This does not represent all meanings of writing - just the action of writing only)
• Literature - Ogbarruu
• Prose - Al-walaloo
• The Art of War - Ogummaa Waraanaa
• Fiction - Asoosama
• One Thousand and One Nights - Halkan Kuma Tokkoo fi Tokko
• Novel - Asoosama
• Dream of the Red Chamber - Abjuu Kutaa Diimaa
• The Tale of Genji - Oduu Durii Ganjii
• Poetry - Walaloo
• Epic of Gilgamesh - Walaloo Giilgameesh
• Iliad - Iliyaadi
• Mahābhārata - Mahaabaarata
• Shāhnāma - Shaahnaamaa

Tumsaa (talk) 06:27, 19 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translate

Could you please translate this article?

Epistemology (Listeni/ɨˌpɪstɨˈmɒlədʒi/ from Greek ἐπιστήμη, epistēmē, meaning "knowledge, understanding", and λόγος, logos, meaning "study of") is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge[1][2] and is also referred to as "theory of knowledge". It questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired, and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity can be acquired. Much of the debate in this field has focused on the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to connected notions such as truth, belief, and justification. The term "epistemology" was introduced by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864).[3]

Thanks for your help --Chabi1 (talk) 11:13, 19 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Ippistimooloojii (Listeni/ɨˌpɪstɨˈmɒlədʒi/ jecha Giriik ἐπιστήμη, epistēmē, hiikansaa "beekkumsa, hubannoo", fi λόγος, logos, hikaansaa "qorannoo") damee falaasamaa kan uummamaa fi ballina beekumsaa irratti xiyyeeffatu yoo ta'u maqaa biraa "tiyoorii beekumsaa" jedhunis ni waammama. Ippistimooloojiin beekumsi maal akka ta'ee fi akkamitti akka argamu/baratamu qorata, akkasumas beekkumsi mataduree ykn wanta tokkoraatti jiru hangam akka baratamuu/argamuu danda'u irratti xiyyeeffata. Mormii guddaan ippistimooloojii irratti jiru uummama beekkumsaa fi akkamitti akka inni wantoota akka dhugaa, amantii, fi sirrummeessa wajjin walqabatu karaa falaasamaa qaaccessuu irratti xiyyeeffata. Jechi "ippistimooloojii" jedhu kan uume filoosoophera Iskootish Jeemsi Fireediriik Feeriyee (1898-1864). Tumsaa (talk) 11:43, 23 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this articles?

Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record).

Economics is the social science that studies economic activity to gain an understanding of the processes that govern the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in an economy.

Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia, lit. "earth description") is a field of science dedicated to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of the Earth.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 07:44, 24 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

• Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record).
  • Arkiyooloojin qorannoo waan namni bara durii hojjatee ti, kunis baayyinaan wantoota aadaa fi daataa naannoo kan isaan dhiisanii deeman barbaadanii argachuun sana booda qaaccessuun raawwatama; kunis meeshaalee isaanii, ijaarrii isaanii, lubbu qabeessa achiitti argame, fi aadaa isaani dabalata.

• Economics is the social science that studies economic activity to gain an understanding of the processes that govern the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in an economy.
  • Diinagdeen damee saayinsii hawaasaa kan sochii diinagdee qoratu yoo ta'u kunis, diinagdee keessatti, seerri oomisha, tatamsa'inaa, fi fayyadama mi'aa fi tajaajilaa too'atu maal akka fakkaatu hubachuu fi.

• Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia, lit. "earth description") is a field of science dedicated to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of the Earth.
  • Hawaasni (jecha Giriik γεωγραφία, ji'ogiraafiyaaa, hiikansaa "dachee ibsuu") damee saayinsii kan lafa, amaloota, jiraattota, fi ta'a (phenomena) dachee qoratu dha.

Tumsaa (talk) 13:41, 24 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate the following articles?

Linguistics is the scientific study of language. There are broadly three aspects to the study, which include language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest known activities in the description of language have been attributed to Pāṇini around 500 BCE, with his analysis of Sanskrit in Ashtadhyayi.

Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.

History is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 15:05, 24 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Kompitara is now a featured article.

I would like to ask you if you can create articles for the following plants, which, according to this article, are used as medicine by Oromo people: Qullubbii, Hargisa, Iyyaasuu, Hagamsa, Gutichaa, Ariti, Qabarichoo, Adaa, Surumaa, Nimi, Qolladii, Arbuu, Baggii, Endahula, Buqqee, Bakkannisa, Adaamii, Loomii, Laaftoo, Imalaa, Ceeqaa, Beroo, Dingatanya, Armaguusa, Maraasisa, Damakase, Hancabbii.

Thanks for your help. I think that these articles are important in order to keep track of Oromo traditional knowledge in the Oromo language. Furthermore, we haven't got a lot of article about plants in this Wikipedia. --Chabi1 (talk) 11:24, 25 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Regarding Oromo medicinal trees, I will try to create articles at least for the most commonly used ones. It is true that they are very important. The major difficulty is that I couldn't find any Afan Oromo literature on these trees. Anyway, I will see what I can do. Thanks for your suggestion.

• Linguistics is the scientific study of language. There are broadly three aspects to the study, which include language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest known activities in the description of language have been attributed to Pāṇini around 500 BCE, with his analysis of Sanskrit in Ashtadhyayi.
  • Qorannoon afaanii karaa saayinsaawaa ta'een afaan qorachuu dha. Qorannoon kun waan baballaa sadi'i qabata, akkaataa afaanii, hiika afaanii, fi halqara afaani ti. Hojiin jalqabaa kan afaan ibsu kan hojjate Paaninii yoo ta'u kunis afaan Saniskiriitii qaaccesuun seerluga Ashtadhyayi jedhamu kan inni baasen ture; barri isaas DhKD 500.

• Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.
  • Xinsammuun damee saayinsii kan faayidaa sammuu fi amaloota namaa qoratu dha. Kaayyoon battalaa xinsammuu namoota dhuunfaa fi gareewwan karaa seera waliigalaa baasuu fi dhimmoota addayaa qorachuun hubachuu dha. Kayyon waligalaa xinsammuu hawaasa fayyaduu dha. Damee kana keessatti, namni hojii xiinsammuu hojjatu xinsammeessaa jedhama, akkasumas saayintistii hawaasummaa, amala ykn sammuu jedhamuus danda'a. Xinsammeessitoonni shoora faayidaan sammuu amala dhuunfaa fi haawaasaa irratti qabu hubbachuuf qoratu, kana wajjin bu'uura xinsammuu fi baayoloojikaawaa kan faayidaa sammuu fi amala duuba jiru alooluu.

• History is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans.
  • Seenaan qorannoo waan darbee ti, keessaahuu nama wajjin walqabatee.

Tumsaa (talk) 13:26, 25 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Regarding the term "psychology" I'd like to ask you if both terms in Oromo "Xinsammuu" and "Saayikoloojii" are correct. --Chabi1 (talk) 15:16, 25 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC) Could you please translate these articles?

Afro-Asiatic languages are a large language family, of several hundred related languages and dialects. There are about 300 or so living languages and dialects, according to the 2009 Ethnologue estimate. It includes languages spoken predominantly in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel. The Afro-Asiatic family is significant to the field of historical linguistics as possessing the longest recorded history of any language family.

Hausa (Yaren Hausa or Harshen Hausa) is the Chadic language (a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family) with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 34 million people, and as a second language by about 18 million more, an approximate total of 52 million people.

Arabic is a name for what are traditionally considered the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century. This includes both the literary language and varieties of Arabic spoken in a wide arc of territory, stretching across the Middle East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. Arabic belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 14:48, 26 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

The term "psychology" is used more commonly used in day to day communication. But formally, it is "Xinsammuu" that is used especially in written documents or mass media. So, it is better if we use "Xinsammuu" I think.

• Afro-Asiatic languages are a large language family, of several hundred related languages and dialects. There are about 300 or so living languages and dialects, according to the 2009 Ethnologue estimate. It includes languages spoken predominantly in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel. The Afro-Asiatic family is significant to the field of historical linguistics as possessing the longest recorded history of any language family.
  • Afaan Afiroo-Eeshiyaatikii maatii afaanii guddaa, kan afaanota walitti dhiyaatanii fi loqodoota dhibba baayyetti lakkaawwamu of keessaa qabu dha. Akka tilmaama Etinoloogii bara 2009tti, afaani fi loqoda amma dubbatamaa jiran naannoo 300 ta'utu maatii afaanii kana keessa jira. Afiroo-Eeshiyaatikiin baayyinaan afaanota naannoo Giddugala Bahaa, Kaaba Afrikaa, Gaanfa Afrikaa, fi nannoo Sahil keessati dubbatamani of keessatti qabata. Maatin Afiroo-Eeshiyaatikii damee seenaa qorannoo afaaniitiif barbaachisaa dha, kunis seenaa dheeraa galmeeffame maatii afaanii kamiyyuu caalu waan qabuu fi.

• Hausa (Yaren Hausa or Harshen Hausa) is the Chadic language (a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family) with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 34 million people, and as a second language by about 18 million more, an approximate total of 52 million people.
  • Hawussaa (Yaren Hawussaa ykn Harshen Hawussaa) is afaan Chaadiik(damee maatii afaan Afiroo-Eeshiyaatikii) kan nama baayyedhaan dubbatamu dha, akka afaan jalqabaatti ummata naannoo miliyoona 34 dubbata, akka afaan lammaffaatti ammoo ummata naannoo miliyoona 18 oltu dubbata, dimshaashatti naannoo miliyoona 52 dubbata.

• Arabic is a name for what are traditionally considered the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century. This includes both the literary language and varieties of Arabic spoken in a wide arc of territory, stretching across the Middle East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. Arabic belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family.
  • Arabiffi maqaa afaan kan Arabiffaa nannoo jaarraa 6ffaa keessa turerraa dhufeef kenname dha. Kunis afaan barreeffamaa fi Arabiffaa adda adda bakka adda addaatti dubbataman, Giddugala Bahaatii kaasee, Kaaba Afrikaa fi Gaanfa Afrikaa keessatti kan dubbatamu of jalatti qabata. Arabiffi maatii afaan Afiroo-Eeshiyaatikii jalatti ramadama.

Tumsaa (talk) 10:24, 30 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

Translate

Could you please translate the following articles?

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter.

Informatics is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information, whether such information is encoded as bits in a computer memory or transcribed in genes and protein structures in a biological cell.

Culture Art Comics Painting Photography Sculpture Pottery Dance Fashion Theatre Calligraphy

Thanks for your help --Chabi1 (talk) 17:55, 30 Fulbaana 2014 (UTC)

• Informatics is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information, whether such information is encoded as bits in a computer memory or transcribed in genes and protein structures in a biological cell.[1] A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.
  • Infoormaatiksiin tooftaa saayinsaawaa fi qabatamaa ta'een shallagaa fi faayidaa isaa qorachuu dha. Informaatiksiin haala tooftawaa ta'een danda'amummaa, caasaa, himannoo, fi adeemsa tooftawaa (ykn seermurtoo) kan odeeffannoo guuruu, hujeessuu, kuusuu, tamsaasuu, fi argachuuf bu'uura ta'e qorachuu dha; odeeffannoon kun kuufanoo kompitaraa keessatti haala laklameetin kan lakkaddaayee ykn haala jiinii fi caasaa pirootiniitin seeloota baayoloojikaawaa keessa kan jiru ta'uu danda'a. Saayintistiin kompitaraa tiyoorii shallagaa fi saxaxuu meeshaalee shallagaa irratti addayeeffata.

• Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group". The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom". The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.
  • Falaasamni qorannoo rakkoolee bu'uuraa fi waliigalaa ti, rakkoolen kunis wantoota akka dhugaa, jireenya, beekumsa, gatii, sababa (reason), sammuu, fi afaani wajjin wal qabatu. Falaasamni tooftawwan biraa ittiin rakkoo akkasii furan irraa kana adda isa godhu adeemsa tooftawaa waliigalaa fi qajeelfama fudhatamaa irratti bu'uureffamuu isaa ti. Haasaa tasaa namoonni godhan keessatti, yoo ballifamu, falaasamni "amantii bu'uuraa, yaada, fi ilaalcha namoota dhuunfaa ykn garee" ta'uu danda'a. Jechi "filoosoofii" jedhu jecha durii φιλοσοφία (filosoofiyaa) jedhurraa dhufe, hiikaansaas "jaalala beekumsaa/ogummaa" jechuu dha. Jechoota "filoosofera" fi "filoosoofii" jedhu kan jalqaba fayyadame filoosoofera Giriiki durii Paayitaagoras ture.

• Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. Chemistry is chiefly concerned with atoms and molecules and their interactions and transformations, for example, the properties of the chemical bonds formed between atoms to create chemical compounds. As such, chemistry studies the involvement of electrons and various forms of energy in photochemical reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, changes in phases of matter, and separation of mixtures. Preparation and properties of complex substances, such as alloys, polymers, biological molecules, and pharmaceutical agents are considered in specialized fields of chemistry.
  • Kemistiriin damee saayinsii fiizikaalaa kan qabiyyee, caasaa, amala, fi jijjiirama wantootaa qoratu dha. Kemistiriin irra caala wa'ee atamii fi molokiyuulii, fi walnyaatinsa fi jiijjirama isaanii irratti xiyyeeffata; fakkeenyaaf, amaloota boondii keemikaalaa atamoota gidduutti kampaawondii keemikaalaa uumuf jecha uummamu. Kemistiriin shoora elektirooninii fi anniisaan gosa adda addaa walnyaatinsa footookeemikaalaa, walnyaatinsa oksaayideeshinii-riddaakshinii, jijiirama wantootaa, fi makaa addaan baasu keessatti qaban qorata. Wantoota xaxamaa kan akka laaqii, poliimerii, molakiyuulii baayoloojikaawaa, fi idoomaan qorichaa qopheessunii fi amaloota isaa qorachuun damee addayaa kemistirii ti.

• Culture - Aadaa
• Art - Aartii
• Comics -
• Painting -
• Photography -
• Sculpture -
• Pottery -
• Dance - Shubbisa
• Fashion - Faashinii
• Theatre - Tiyaatira
• Calligraphy -
• Calendar - Dhaha

Tumsaa (talk) 08:23, 6 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Translate

Could you please translate the following words and excerpts

Film Animation Anime Radio Television Music Song Specific musical instruments Drum Flute Guitar Piano Trumpet Violin Game Gambling Martial arts Karate Judo Olympic Games Sport Baseball Basketball Cricket Golf Rugby Tennis Toy

Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter.

The Shebelle River (Somali: Webi Shabeelle, Italian: Uebi Scebeli) begins in the highlands of Ethiopia, and then flows southeast into Somalia towards Mogadishu. Near Mogadishu, it turns sharply southwest, where it follows the coast. Below Mogadishu, the river becomes seasonal. During most years, the river dries up near the mouth of the Jubba River, while in seasons of heavy rainfall, the river actually reaches the Jubba and thus the Indian Ocean.

Sources Because the Oromo did not keep a written record of the migrations, this article must refer to Solomonic, Portuguese, and Arabic sources for the reasons behind the migrations. Particularly, a 16th-century Tigray monk named Bahrey is the foremost source on the migrations. Written in Ge'ez), his book was called the History of the Galla (Ge'ez ዜናሁ ፡ ለጋላ zēnahu legalla. "Galla" being an older name for "Oromo" that is now considered a pejorative. This book was written in 1593 and details the expansions from 1522 to his age. In addition to his book, further information can be gleaned from other contemporaries such the Ethiopian monk Abba Paulos, Shihab ed-Din's Futuh al-Habasha "Conquest of Abyssinia", João Bermudes, Francisco de Almeida, Jerónimo Lobo, and various royal chronicles (e.g. those of Gelawdewos, Sarsa Dengel, and Susenyos, though that of Sarsa Dengel may have been written by Bahrey).

Thanks for your help --Chabi1 (talk) 09:09, 6 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

I propose Marii Kurii as a featured article. --Chabi1 (talk) 15:49, 6 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Hi Chabi1. I am still editing the article Marii Kurii, but I think it can be made a featured article as most important part of it is already done. So go ahead and make it a featured article. Here is some of the equivalent terms:
Film - Filmii Animation - Sochii fakkinaa Anime - Radio - Raadiyoo Television - Televizyiinii Music - Muuziqaa Song - Sirba Specific musical instruments - Meeshaa muuziqaa addaa Drum - Dibbee Flute - Ulullee Guitar - Gitaara Piano - Piyaanoo Trumpet - Violin - Vaayoliinii Game - Taba Gambling - Qumaara Martial arts - Maarshaal aartii Karate - Karaatee Judo - Judoo Olympic Games - Taba Olompiikii Sport - Ispoortii Baseball - Basketball - Kubba kaachoo Cricket - Golf - Rugby - Raagbii Tennis - Teenisii Toy -

• The Shebelle River (Somali: Webi Shabeelle, Italian: Uebi Scebeli) begins in the highlands of Ethiopia, and then flows southeast into Somalia towards Mogadishu. Near Mogadishu, it turns sharply southwest, where it follows the coast. Below Mogadishu, the river becomes seasonal. During most years, the river dries up near the mouth of the Jubba River, while in seasons of heavy rainfall, the river actually reaches the Jubba and thus the Indian Ocean.
  • Lagni Shaballee (Sumaaliffa: Webi Shabeelle, Xaaliyaaniffa: Uebi Scebeli) laga baddaa Itoophiyaarraa ka'u yoo ta'u gara kibba-bahaatti yaa'udhaan gara Sumaaliyaa naannoo Muqaadishootti deema. Naannoo Muqaadishootti, gara kibba-dhihaatti jal'ata, achii gara qarqara garbaatti deema. Muqaadishoodhaa gaditti, lagni kun ganna qofa yaa'a. Waggaa baayye, lagni kun naannoo Laga Juba yoo ga'u ni goga. Bara bokkaan sirriitti roobu garuu, Waabii Shaballeen Laga Juba biraa ga'ee itti makamuun gara Garba Indiyaatti makama.

Tumsaa (talk) 15:32, 8 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

I've seen you are translating about electronics.

Could yu please translate these nouns?

Electric current Frequency Components Capacitor Inductor Transistor Diode Resistor Transformer Computer Hard disk drive Central processing unit Artificial intelligence Information technology Algorithm Internet Email World Wide Web Operating system Programming language Software Renewable energy Electricity Nuclear power Fossil fuel Internal combustion engine Steam engine Fire Materials Glass Paper Plastic Wood Transportation Transport Aircraft Automobile Bicycle Submarine Ship Train Weapons Weapon Sword Firearm Machine gun Nuclear weapon Tank Explosive material Gunpowder

Thanks for your help. As you can see, there is still too much work to do, but we are in our way to improve the quality of this Wikipedia. --Chabi1 (talk) 15:34, 13 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

You are right, there is a lot to be done. I think we are making good progress. We just have to keep going with commitment.

Electric current - Karantii elektirikii Frequency - Ammamtaa Components - Ruuqolee Capacitor - Kaappaasiterii Inductor - Indaakterii Transistor - Tiraanzisterii Diode - Daayoodii Resistor - Rezisterii Transformer - Tiraanisfoormerii Computer - Kompitara Hard disk drive - Ooftuu baxxee jabaa Central processing unit - Kutaa Hujeessaa Giddu-galeessaa Artificial intelligence - Qareessa namtolchee Information technology - Infoormesshin Teknooloojii Algorithm - Seermurtoo Internet - Interneetii Email - Ergaa-e World Wide Web - Saphaphuu Addunyaa Maraa(SAM) Operating system - Sirna dalagaa Programming language - Afaan saganteessaa Software - Mosajjii Renewable energy - Anniisaa haareffamu Electricity - Elektirisiitii Nuclear power - Humna Niwukilaaraa Fossil fuel - Boba'aa foosilii Internal combustion engine - Kombasshin injiinii keessoo Steam engine - Istiim injiin Fire - Abidda Materials - Glass - Fuullee Paper - Waraqaa Plastic - Pilaastikii Wood - Muka Transportation - Geejjiba Transport - Aircraft - Xiyyaara Automobile - Otomoobilii Bicycle - Saayikilii Submarine - Ship - Bidiruu Train - Baabura Weapons - Meeshaalee waraanaa Weapon - Meeshaa waraanaa Sword - Gajaraa Firearm - Qawwee Machine gun - Nuclear weapon - Meeshaalee Niwukilaaraa Tank - Taankii Explosive material - Wanta dhuka'aa Gunpowder - Tumsaa (talk) 07:59, 14 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Template

Hi! I've just seen you've created this template. If you need help with it, just tell me. --Chabi1 (talk) 17:07, 12 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Yes, I created a template for electronic components. I had some difficulties with it yesterday, today I fixed some of the errors. Still, one more thing to correct is: even when no data is provided to the optional data elements of the template, they are still displayed on the article when in fact they should be hidden. Look at the article about capacitor. Can you help me solve this? Tumsaa (talk) 08:52, 13 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

I really don't know what to do with it. I am sorry about that. --Chabi1 (talk) 12:20, 13 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

I will try to do some research on it and see if I can solve it. Thanks for your quick response. Tumsaa (talk) 12:48, 13 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Translation

New words to be translated:

World view and religion God Mythology Worldview philosophies Atheism Fundamentalism Materialism Monotheism Polytheism Soul Religion Specific religions Buddhism Christianity Catholic Church Confucianism Hinduism Trimurti Islam Shia Islam Jainism Judaism Sikhism Taoism Zoroastrianism Spiritual practices Sufism Yoga Zen African Union Arab League ASEAN Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Nations European Union International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement NATO Nobel Prize OPEC United Nations International Court of Justice International Monetary Fund UNESCO Universal Declaration of Human Rights World Health Organization World Bank World Trade Organization Chemistry Inorganic chemistry Biochemistry Chemical compound Acid Base (chemistry) Salt Chemical element Periodic table Aluminium Carbon Copper Gold Hydrogen Iron Nitrogen Oxygen Silver Tin Organic chemistry Alcohol Carbohydrate Hormone Lipid Molecule Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Physics Acceleration Atom Energy Conservation of energy Electromagnetic radiation Infrared Ultraviolet Light Color Classical mechanics Force Electromagnetism Magnetic field Gravitation Strong interaction Weak interaction Magnet Mass Metal Steel Nuclear fission State of matter Gas Liquid Plasma Solid Quantum mechanics Radioactive decay General relativity Special relativity Semiconductor Sound Velocity Speed of light Temperature Time Thermodynamics Vacuum Mathematics Algebra Logarithm System of linear equations Arithmetic Coordinate system Mathematical analysis Differential equation Numerical analysis Equation Function (mathematics) Geometry Angle Area Pi Pythagorean theorem Mathematical proof Number Complex number Number theory Infinity Set theory Statistics Symmetry Trigonometry

Step by step, this article is been completed. --Chabi1 (talk) 16:26, 14 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

I am learning Oromo technical terminologies myself. So, can't translate all words. Here is some that I know:
World view and religion - Ilaalchaa addunyaa fi amantii God - Waaqa Mythology - Worldview philosophies - Ilaalchaa addunyaa fi Falaasama Atheism - Fundamentalism - Materialism - Monotheism - Polytheism - Soul - Lubbuu Religion - Amantii Specific religions - Buddhism - Budizimii Christianity - Kiristaanummaa Catholic Church - Waldaa Kaatolikii Confucianism - Hinduism - Hinduuyizimii Trimurti - Islam - Islaama Shia Islam - Jainism - Judaism - Sikhism - Taoism - Zoroastrianism - Spiritual practices - Sufism - Yoga - Yoogaa Zen - African Union - Gamtaa Afrikaa Arab League - Liigii Arabaa ASEAN - Commonwealth of Independent States - Commonwealth of Nations - European Union - Gamtaa Yuurooppi International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement - NATO - Nobel Prize - Badhaasa Noobelii OPEC - United Nations - Mootummota Gamtooman International Court of Justice - International Monetary Fund - Dhaabbata Maallaqa Addunyaa UNESCO - Universal Declaration of Human Rights World Health Organization - Dhaabbata Fayyaa Addunyaa World Bank - Baankii Addunyaa World Trade Organization - Dhaabbata Daldala Addunyaa

Chemistry - Kemistirii Inorganic chemistry - Inorgaanik kemistirii Biochemistry - Baayookemistirii Chemical compound - Kompaawondii keemikaalaa Acid - Asidii Base (chemistry) - Beezii Salt - Ashaboo Chemical element - Elementii keemikaala Periodic table - Gabatee pereedikii Aluminium - Aluuminiyemii Carbon - kaarbonii Copper - koopparii Gold - warqee Hydrogen - hayidiroojinii Iron - Ayiranii Nitrogen - Naayitiroojinii Oxygen - ooksijiinii Silver - silverii Tin - tiin Organic chemistry - Orgaanik kemistirii Alcohol - alkoolii Carbohydrate - kaarboohayidireetii Hormone - hormoonii Lipid - Molecule - Molokiyuulii Analytical chemistry Physical - Physics - fiiziksii Acceleration - Atom - atamii Energy - anniisaa Conservation of energy - Electromagnetic radiation - Infrared - Infiraareedii Ultraviolet - Altiraavaayoleetii Light - ifa Color - halluu Classical mechanics - Force - humna Electromagnetism - Elektiroomaagineetummaa Magnetic field - Maagineetiik fiildii Gravitation - Giraaviitii Strong interaction - Weak interaction - Magnet - maagineetii Mass - hanga Metal - sibiila Steel - Istiilii Nuclear fission - Niwukilaar Fishiinii State of matter - Falka wantootaa Gas - gaasii Liquid - Dhangala'oo Plasma - Pilaasmaa Solid - Jajjaboo Quantum mechanics - Radioactive decay - General relativity - Special relativity - Semiconductor - Sound - sagalee Velocity - Speed of light - saffisa ifaa Temperature - tempireechara Time - Yeroo Thermodynamics - Vacuum - Vaakiyuumii Mathematics - Herrega Algebra - Aljebraa Logarithm - Seermurtoo System of linear equations - Arithmetic - Qooyyaba Coordinate system - Mathematical analysis - Differential equation - Numerical analysis - Equation - Barnoota Function (mathematics) - Geometry - Ji'oomeetirii Angle - kofoo Area - ballina Pi - Pythagorean theorem - Mathematical proof - Number - lakkoofsa Complex number - Number theory - Infinity - Set theory - Statistics - Istaatistiksii Symmetry - Trigonometry - Tirigonometirii Tumsaa (talk) 08:51, 16 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Oromise

Shall we translate proper names into Oromo? I don't know if they should be adapted to Oromo pronunciation. Just in case, I leave the list here for your consideration. Besides, I believe this list is quite "Eurocentric" and we should create another list featuring both Oromo and African topics.

Sarah Bernhardt Charlie Chaplin Marlene Dietrich Marilyn Monroe

Le Corbusier Salvador Dalí Albrecht Dürer Vincent van Gogh Francisco Goya Katsushika Hokusai Frida Kahlo Leonardo da Vinci Henri Matisse Michelangelo Pablo Picasso Raphael Rembrandt Peter Paul Rubens Mimar Sinan Diego Velázquez Andy Warhol Frank Lloyd Wright Abu Nuwas Hans Christian Andersen Bashō Jorge Luis Borges George Byron Miguel de Cervantes Geoffrey Chaucer Anton Chekhov Dante Alighieri Charles Dickens Fyodor Dostoyevsky Gabriel García Márquez Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Hafez Homer Victor Hugo James Joyce Franz Kafka Kālidāsa Li Bai Naguib Mahfouz Molière Ovid Marcel Proust Alexander Pushkin William Shakespeare Sophocles Rabindranath Tagore Leo Tolstoy Mark Twain Virgil Louis Armstrong Johann Sebastian Bach The Beatles Ludwig van Beethoven Hector Berlioz Johannes Brahms Frédéric Chopin Antonín Dvořák Georg Frideric Handel Gustav Mahler Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Édith Piaf Elvis Presley Giacomo Puccini Franz Schubert Igor Stravinsky Petr Tchaikovsky Verdi, Giuseppe Vivaldi, Antonio Vysotsky, Vladimir Wagner, Richard Roald Amundsen Neil Armstrong Jacques Cartier Christopher Columbus James Cook Hernán Cortés Yuri Gagarin Vasco da Gama Ibn Battuta Ferdinand Magellan Marco Polo Zheng He Ingmar Bergman Walt Disney Sergei Eisenstein Federico Fellini Alfred Hitchcock Stanley Kubrick Akira Kurosawa Satyajit Ray Steven Spielberg Archimedes Avicenna Tim Berners-Lee Nicolaus Copernicus Marie Curie Charles Darwin Thomas Edison Albert Einstein Euclid Leonhard Euler Faraday, Michael Fermi, Enrico Fibonacci Ford, Henry Fourier, Joseph Galen Galileo Galilei Gauss, Carl Friedrich Gutenberg, Johannes Joule, James Prescott Kepler, Johannes al-Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Musa Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm Linnaeus, Carl Maxwell, James Clerk Mendeleev, Dmitri Newton, Sir Isaac Pasteur, Louis Planck, Max Rutherford, Ernest Schrödinger, Erwin Tesla, Nikola Turing, Alan Watt, James Aristotle Beauvoir, Simone de Chanakya Chomsky, Noam Confucius Descartes, René Freud, Sigmund Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Ibn Khaldun Kant, Immanuel Keynes, John Maynard Laozi John Locke Niccolò Machiavelli Karl Marx Friedrich Nietzsche Plato Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Paul Sartre Sima Qian Smith, Adam Socrates Voltaire Max Weber Ludwig Wittgenstein Zhu Xi Akbar Alexander the Great Ashoka Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Augustus Otto von Bismarck Simón Bolívar Napoleon Bonaparte Julius Caesar Charlemagne Winston Churchill Constantine the Great Cyrus the Great Charles de Gaulle Elizabeth I of England Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Genghis Khan Che Guevara Adolf Hitler Joan of Arc King, Martin Luther, Jr. Lenin, Vladimir Lincoln, Abraham Louis XIV Luxemburg, Rosa Mandela, Nelson Mao Zedong Nehru, Jawaharlal Nkrumah, Kwame Peter the Great Qin Shi Huang Franklin D. Roosevelt Saladin Joseph Stalin Suleiman the Magnificent Sun Yat-sen Tamerlane Umar George Washington Abraham Aquinas, Thomas Augustine of Hippo Buddha Al-Ghazali Jesus Luther, Martin Moses Muhammad Paul the Apostle

Thanks again. We are almost finishing the list of vital articles --Chabi1 (talk) 13:11, 16 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Hi Chabi1. I think the names should be transliterated in such a way that it obeys Oromo language stucture and the Oromo people can pronounce it easily. I will transliterate all of the names in few days time.
Sarah Bernhardt - Saaraa Bernaar Charlie Chaplin - Chaarlii Chaappiliin Marlene Dietrich - Marliinaa Diitiriish Marilyn Monroe - Maarlin Moniroo

Le Corbusier - Lu Korbiziyee Salvador Dalí - Salvadoor Dalii Albrecht Dürer - Albireshti Duurer Vincent van Gogh -Viinsenti vaan Hooh Francisco Goya - Firaansiiskoo Gooyyaa Katsushika Hokusai - Katushka Hooksaayi Frida Kahlo - Firiidaa Kaloo Leonardo da Vinci - Liyonaardoo da Viinchii Henri Matisse - Honrii Matiis Michelangelo - Mikeel'aanjeloo Pablo Picasso - Paabloo Pikaassoo Raphael - Rafaa'eel Rembrandt - Rembiraanti Peter Paul Rubens - Peetir Paawul Ruubensi Mimar Sinan - Miimaar sinaan Diego Velázquez - Diyeegoo Velazkeez Andy Warhol - Andii Worhool Frank Lloyd Wright - Firaanki Looyid Raayit Abu Nuwas - Abu Nuwaas Hans Christian Andersen - Hansi Kiristiyaan Andersen Bashō - Baashoo Jorge Luis Borges - Horhee Luwiis Borhes George Byron - Joorji Goorden Baayiren Miguel de Cervantes - Migeel de Servantes Geoffrey Chaucer - Jefirii Chooser Anton Chekhov - Anton Cheekoov Dante Alighieri - Daantee Aligiyeerii Charles Dickens - Chaarles Diikensi Fyodor Dostoyevsky -Fiyoodor Dosteyeviskii Gabriel García Márquez - Gabriyeel Garsiyaa Markeez Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Yohaan Wolfigaangi fon Guute Hafez - Hafeez Homer - Hoomer Victor Hugo - Viiktor Hugoo James Joyce - Jeemsi Jooyis Franz Kafka - Firaanzi Kafkaa Kālidāsa - Kaalidaas Li Bai - Lii Baayi Naguib Mahfouz - Nagiib Mahfuuz Molière - Moliyeer Ovid - Oviid Marcel Proust - Maarsel Piruusti Alexander Pushkin - Aleeksaander Puushkiin William Shakespeare - Wiliyaam Sheekispiir Sophocles - Sofokiliiz Rabindranath Tagore - Rabindiranaat Tagoor Leo Tolstoy - Liyoo Tolistooyi Mark Twain - Maarki Tiween Virgil - Verjiil Louis Armstrong - Luuwii Armistiroongi Johann Sebastian Bach - Yahan Sebastiyaan Baah The Beatles - Biitilsi Ludwig van Beethoven - Luudviig van Beetooven Hector Berlioz - Iiktor Berliyooz Johannes Brahms - Yohannis Biraamsi Frédéric Chopin - Firediriik Shooppan Antonín Dvořák - Antoniin Divoraak Georg Frideric Handel - Giyoorgi Firidriish Hendel Gustav Mahler - Gustaaf Maalee Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Wolfigaangi Amadiyuus Moozaarti Édith Piaf - Eedit Piyaf Elvis Presley - Elvis Pireslii Giacomo Puccini - Jaakomoo Putchiinii Franz Schubert - Firaanzi Shuubarti Igor Stravinsky - Iigor Istiraaviniskii Petr Tchaikovsky - Petir Chaayikooviskii Giuseppe Verdi - Juuzeppe Veerdii Antonio Vivaldi - Antooniyoo Vivaaldii Vladimir Vysotsky - Viladimiir Viisotiskii Richard Wagner - Riikardi Vaagner Roald Amundsen - Ruu'al Aamunsen Neil Armstrong - Niil Armistiroongi Jacques Cartier - Zyaaki Kaartiyee Christopher Columbus - Kiristoofar Kolombos James Cook - Jeemsi Kook Hernán Cortés - Ernaan Kortees Yuri Gagarin - Yuurii Gagaarin Vasco da Gama - Vaaskoo da Gaamaa Ibn Battuta - Ibne Battuutaa Ferdinand Magellan - Ferdinaandi Maajelaan Marco Polo - Maarkoo Pooloo Zheng He - Zyaangi Haa Ingmar Bergman - Ingimaar Baryimaan Walt Disney - Waalti Disnii Sergei Eisenstein - Sargeey Ayizenistaayin Federico Fellini - Fedriikoo Felliinii Alfred Hitchcock - Alfireed Hichkook Stanley Kubrick - Istaanlii Kubriik Akira Kurosawa - Akiiraa Kurosawaa Satyajit Ray - Shottojiit Raaye Steven Spielberg - Istiivin Ispiilbargi Archimedes - Arkimeedis Avicenna - Aviseena Tim Berners-Lee - Tiim Bernersi-Lii Nicolaus Copernicus - Nikolaas Koppernikas Marie Curie - Marii Kurii Charles Darwin - Chaarles Daarwiin Thomas Edison - Toomaas Edisen Albert Einstein - Alberti Anistaayin Euclid - Yuukiliid Leonhard Euler - Liyoonaardi Ooyiler Faraday, Michael - Faradaay, Maayikil Fermi, Enrico - Feermi, Enriikoo Fibonacci - Fibonaachii Ford, Henry - Foordi, Henrii Fourier, Joseph - Fuuriyee, Jooseef Galen - Gaalen Galileo Galilei - Galiiliyoo Galiilii Gauss, Carl Friedrich - Gaawus, Kaarli Firidiriish Gutenberg, Johannes - Guutinbergi, Yohannis Joule, James Prescott - Jeemsi Pireskot Juul Kepler, Johannes - Keeppiler, Yohannis al-Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Musa - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - Gootfiriid Viilhelmi Laayibiniiz Carl Linnaeus - Kaarli Lini'ees Maxwell, James Clerk - Maaksiweel, Jeemsi Kilarki Dmitri Mendeleev - Dimitirii Mendeleev Sir Isaac Newton - Isaaq Niwuuten Pasteur, Louis - Paaster, Luuwii Planck, Max - Pilaanki, Maaksi Rutherford, Ernest - Raazerfoordi, Ernesti Erwin Schrödinger - Ervin Shiroodingaa Tesla, Nikola - Teslaa, Nikolaa Turing, Alan - Tuurin, Alan Watt, James - Waat, Jeemsi Aristotle - Aristootil Beauvoir, Simone de - Buvwaar, Simoon di Chanakya - Chaanakiyaa Chomsky, Noam - Choomiskii, No'oom Confucius - Konfiishes Descartes, René - Dikaarti, Reene Freud, Sigmund - Firooyid, Siigmundi Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich - Hegel, Gi'oorki Viilhelmi Firidiriish Ibn Khaldun - Ibne Kalduun Kant, Immanuel - Kaanti, Imaanu'eel Keynes, John Maynard - Ke'iinzi, Joon Meyinaardi Laozi - La'oodzaa John Locke - Joon Looki Niccolò Machiavelli - Nikkooloo Makkiyaavellii Karl Marx - Kaarli Maarkis Friedrich Nietzsche - Firidiriish Niichee Plato - Pileetoo Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Joon Zyaak Ruussoo Jean-Paul Sartre - Joon-Pool Saarte Sima Qian - Smith, Adam - Ismiiz, Adam Socrates - Soqiraaxis Voltaire - Voolteer Max Weber - Maksi Veeber Ludwig Wittgenstein - Luudviig Witgenishtaayin Zhu Xi - Zuu Kisii Akbar - Akbar Alexander the Great - Aleeksaander Ashoka - Ashookaa Mustafa Kemal Atatürk - Musxafaa Kemaal Ataturki Augustus - Aagustoos Otto von Bismarck - Ottoo fon Biismaarki Simón Bolívar - Siimoon Bolivaar Napoleon Bonaparte - Naappooliyoon Bonaapaarti Julius Caesar - Juuliyees Keesaar Charlemagne - Shaarlimaanee Winston Churchill - Winisten Charchil Constantine the Great - Konistantiin Guddicha Cyrus the Great - Saayires Guddicha Charles de Gaulle - Chaarles dii Gool Elizabeth I of England - Elsaabex I kan Ingilaandi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi - Mohaandas Karamachaandi Gaandii Genghis Khan - Genjis Kaan Che Guevara - Chee Guvaaraa Adolf Hitler - Adoolfi Hiitiler Joan of Arc - Zyoon kan Aarki King, Martin Luther, Jr. - Kiingi, Maartin Luter Lenin, Vladimir - Leenin, Vilaadimiir Lincoln, Abraham - Liinken, Abraam Louis XIV - Luuwii XIV Luxemburg, Rosa - Laaksembargi, Hoosaa Mandela, Nelson - Mandeellaa, Niilsen Mao Zedong - Maa'oo Zeedungi Nehru, Jawaharlal - Neehruu, Jawaaharlaal Nkrumah, Kwame - Inkiruumaa, Kiwaamee Peter the Great - Peetir Guddicha Qin Shi Huang - Chin Shii Waan Franklin D. Roosevelt - Firaankiliin Ruuzevelti Saladin - Salahaaddiin Joseph Stalin - Jooseef Istaalin Suleiman the Magnificent - Sulemaan Ajaa'ibsiisaa Sun Yat-sen - Sun Yaat-sen Tamerlane - Teemerleen Umar - Umar George Washington - Joorji Waashingten Abraham - Abraam Aquinas, Thomas - Akuwayinaas, Toomaas Augustine of Hippo - Ogastiin kan Hiippoo Buddha - Budaa Al-Ghazali - Al-Gazaalii Jesus - Yesus Luther, Martin - Luter, Maartin Moses - Musee Muhammad - Mahaammad Paul the Apostle - Ergamaa Phaawulos

Tumsaa (talk) 10:41, 21 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

The last bit

Here is the last bit of the list, once we have it completed, we will be able to start creating the vital articles. With them, this encyclopedia will have, at least, the minimum amount of information. I am planning to create another list (The vital articles every wikipedia in Oromo should have) but I need to do some research first.

I write down the nouns that still need to be translated.

Alps Andes Himalayas Mount Everest Mount Kilimanjaro Rocky Mountains Sahara Amazon River Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Caribbean Sea Caspian Sea Congo River Danube Ganges Great Barrier Reef Great Lakes Indian Ocean Indus River Lake Baikal Lake Tanganyika Lake Victoria Mediterranean Sea Mississippi River Niger River Nile North Sea Pacific Ocean Panama Canal Rhine Suez Canal Southern Ocean Volga River Yangtze River Yellow River Amsterdam Athens Baghdad Bangkok Beijing Berlin Bogotá Brussels Buenos Aires Cairo Cape Town Damascus Delhi Dhaka Dubai Hong Kong Istanbul Jakarta Jerusalem Karachi Kinshasa Kolkata Lagos London Los Angeles Madrid Mecca Mexico City Moscow Mumbai Nairobi New York City Paris Rio de Janeiro Rome Saint Petersburg São Paulo Seoul Shanghai Sydney Tehran Tokyo Vienna Washington, D.C.

Another thing: I've seen there is a wiktionary in Oromo. I can be helpful in there so I will take into account your translations in order create article in there. Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 13:20, 25 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Alps - Aalpis Andes - Andiis Himalayas - Himalayaas Mount Everest - Gaara Iveresti Mount Kilimanjaro - Gaara Kilimanjaaroo Rocky Mountains - Gaara Rookii Sahara - Sahaaraa Amazon River - Laga Amaazon Arctic Ocean - Garba Arkitiikii Atlantic Ocean - Garba Atilaantikii Baltic Sea - Galaana Baaltikii Black Sea - Galaana Gurraacha Caribbean Sea - Galaana Karibiyaanii Caspian Sea - Galaana Kaaspiyaanii Congo River - Laga Koongoo Danube - Danyuub Ganges - Ganjiiz Great Barrier Reef - Great Lakes - Haroowwan Gurguddaa Indian Ocean - Garba Indiyaa Indus River - Laga Induus Lake Baikal - Haroo Baayikaal Lake Tanganyika - Haroo Tangaanikaa Lake Victoria - Haroo Viktooriyaa Mediterranean Sea - Galaana Meditiraaniyaanii Mississippi River - Laga Misisiippii Niger River - Laga Niijer Nile - Naayil North Sea - Garba Kaabaa Pacific Ocean - Garba Paasiifikii Panama Canal - Rhine - Raayin Suez Canal - Suwiiz Kanaal Southern Ocean - Volga River - Laga Volgaa Yangtze River - Laga Yaangsii Yellow River - Laga Keelloo Amsterdam - Amisterdaam Athens - Ateensi Baghdad - Baagdaad Bangkok - Baankook Beijing - Beejiingi Berlin - Barliin Bogotá - Bogotaa Brussels - Biraaselsi Buenos Aires - Bonas Ayires Cairo - Kaayiroo Cape Town - Keep Taawon Damascus - Damaasqoo Delhi - Deelii Dhaka - Daakaa Dubai - Dubaayi Hong Kong - Hoong Koongi Istanbul - Istaanbul Jakarta - Jakaartaa Jerusalem - Yerusaalem Karachi - Karaachii Kinshasa - Kinshaasaa Kolkata - Kalkaataa Lagos - Leegos London - Landan Los Angeles - Los Aanjeles Madrid - Maadiriid Mecca - Makkaa Mexico City - Magaalaa Meeksikoo Moscow - Mooskoo Mumbai - Mumbaayi Nairobi - Naayiroobii New York City - Magaalaa Niwuu Yoorki Paris - Paaris Rio de Janeiro - Riyoo di Jeneeroo Rome - Room Saint Petersburg - Seent Peetirsibargi São Paulo - Sa'oo Pooloo Seoul - Sehul Shanghai - Shaangaayi Sydney - Sidnii Tehran - Teehiraan Tokyo - Tookiyoo Vienna - Viyeenaa Washington, D.C. - Waashingiten, D.C. Tumsaa (talk) 09:55, 28 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Adminship

Why don't you request adminship here? PiRSquared17 (talk) 02:07, 26 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Yes, I want to be admin and I even once requested it. But, nobody responded to my request, I don't know if I sent the request to a wrong person or something else was wrong. Can you tell me whom I should forward the request to? Thanks. Tumsaa (talk) 11:29, 29 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Articles

You have almost completed the list of vital articles. I would like to ask you to create a stub (i.e. a small article) of each one, maybe with two or three lines in order to increase the quantity of articles. Later, I will add templates and images, don't worry about that. Just create the article and add the category and leave the rest to me. Acting like this, we will improve this Wikipedia and the next step will be to add more information. I don't know if I will be able to connect so often during the next month but, for sure, in December I will have time to help you with the encyclopedia.

I believe this project will help the Oromo in many ways: first, it's written in their language, so it fights against its extinction; second, it is a way to manage knowledge and that lets them to access this knowledge, which is the most important investment a people can make: in knowledge. I know you are the only one editing in here, but time will tell and we will see an encyclopedia written for the Oromo.

Thanks a lot for your work and let's keep creating knowledge! --Chabi1 (talk) 13:56, 28 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

I will create stubs for the vital articles whenever I have free time. That may take some time, but I am sure we can do it. If you add images and templates, we can improve it faster together. There were native editors before but now I think they are all inactive. I will do my best and hope more editors will join wikipedia.

Afan Oromo is spoken by around 20 million people. Most of the speakers live in rural area where infrastructure are not available. Basic infrastructures like electricity or telephone are very rare in rural Oromia and it is limited mostly to towns. On top of that, literacy rate in Ethiopia is very low. Hence, the number of Oromo Internet users for now is few but that will change in the near future.

One of the reasons I edit wikipedia is that the Oromo should get knowledge encoded in a language they can clearly understand. Since Afan Oromo is an instruction medium in Oromia regional state, it will also help students and teachers to get more reference on certain topics and help them expand their knowledge. I am hoping that it will be a good knowledge source for the Oromo people.

Thank you for helping Oromo wiki. Your contribution made a big difference and I hope we can work together for long time.

Tumsaa (talk) 13:09, 29 Onkoloolessa 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Hi again! I have a bit of spare time this morning so I would like to ask you if you can translate the following terms, please.

Science occupations Innovators Inventions Scholars and academics by subject Science People by occupation Health Physicists

Thanks --Chabi1 (talk) 11:03, 11 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Hi! Welcome back.

Science occupations - Ogummaawwan saayinsii Innovators - Kalaqxoota Inventions - Kalaqoota Scholars and academics by subject - Hayyootaa fi Barsiisota Mata-dureedhan Science - Saayinsii People by occupation - Namoota ogummaa isaanitiin Health Physicists - Fiizisistii fayyaa Tumsaa (talk) 11:16, 11 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

As I have already told you, I belive it would be a great idea to create a list of articles related to the Oromo and the Oromo culture. It will take more than the other one (I presume) but I think it is worth for Oromo to have information about their own culture (also as a menas of preserving it). Could you please translate this?

• List of articles the Oromo Wikipedia should have.

I am thinking about creating a list of articles, books that talk about any part of the Oromo culture. Thus, we can have everything together in one point of the Internet, helping future researchers. What do you think about that? Could you please translate as well:

• Bibliography about the Oromo (if you think there is a better title, just feel free to change it).

Thanks again for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 11:26, 11 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

I can't agree more empatically that articles about Oromo people are very important. If one writes articles in Afan Oromo, then the readers are the Oromo people and hence it is expected that they are bound to be more interested in reading about different Oromo cultures and history. Because of this, such articles are of high priority. In the future, I will try to create as many articles I can.

• Tarreeffama barruu Wiikiipiidiyaan Afaan Oromoo qabaachuu qabu

It good to create the list containing very important topics, and that will give me and other editors a blue print what we should do next. So, I am with you on the creation of the list.

• Barreeffamoota Waa'ee Oromoo

Tumsaa (talk) 15:48, 11 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Several things

Hi! I am writing to you because I have several doubts I would like to ask you.

1. Dates: How are dates written in Oromo? I've seen you have translated some of them in two ways: DD/MM/YY and MM/DD/YY. I presume that it is a calque from the original article you had translated it so I would like to ask you how are dates written in Oromo. Besides, I've seen that there is and Oromo (or Borana) calendar. Is it used it by the Oromo or they have adopted the Western one?

Date in Ethiopia in general, including in Afan Oromo, is written in European date format DD/MM/YY. In textual written format, it is written as MM DD, YY. I don't remeber translating like MM/DD/YY, but if I did, I must have done it absent-mindedly. The Oromo people used Borana/Oromo calendar for many centuries before falling under the Abyssinian colonization. Currently, the Oromo use Ethiopian calendar, which is a modified version of Egyptian coptic calendar. Ethiopian Orthodox church was under the dominion of Egyptian coptic church for many centuries and hence imported Egyptian calendar. As of today, they call it Ethiopian Calendar. But, every article I translated, I didn't translate the date to Ethiopian Calendar because it creates confusion, the process could pave a way for error to creep into the article and in general unnecessary. I want to use international calendar which anyone can understand.

1. What is "Geerarsa"? Is it like an epic? Could you please create an article about it? I've found this definition but I don't know whether it's correct or not: geerarsa, traditionally an epinicion, i.e., a poem of triumph by a warrior over his feats. Among several O. groups this is performed in a loud recitative form and can regard the killing of a large wild animal or an enemy. Boorana geerarsa’s are performed on the spot when the heroic feat is done, and when the hero enters his settlement (Leus – Salvadori 2006:260b), but among other groups they are also heard during gadaa ceremonies and other feasts.. However, I've found other definition here. In the website about Waaqeffannaa there is more information.

"Gerarsa" is a kind of song that is sung when you are going to war (or something as dangerous like going to kill lions using spear) or coming back home in victory after war or something similar. It is a song that tells the singer's bravery which raises the confidence in your camp and creates fear in the enemiy's camp. Gerarsa can be sung in non-war times especially if someone is angry because of someone else's action which is discreditory or disrespectful. It is not epic, it is hard to find an equivalent word in English. The definition you put here from the article is a good one, the others are also good though they approach it from a different perspective. I will create an article for "Geerarsaa".

1. I am sorry but I don't remember what "Gadaa" stands for. Could you please correct the article?

Gada a socio-political organization of the Oromo society. It is an egaliterian governance system, most like modern democracy. I will edit the article.

1. Related to Oromo literature, I've found several terms on this article:
   1. makmaaka (proverb)
   2. weedduu (song)
   3. mesmuri addaraa "spirit possession cult songs"
   4. masqala "songs of Orthodox western Oromo"
   5. manzuuma, Mawlid, baahroo and qasiida "muslim"
   6. weedduu jaalalaa "Western Oromo love songs"
   7. asmaarii

I think that there should be a general article presenting Oromo literature divided into written and oral. Two articles that specify both oral and written literature and then one article with each form of oral literature and with each literally work written in Oromo. --Chabi1 (talk) 14:05, 16 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

New main page

I am trying to create a new main page, however, I need the translation of several words:

• Oduu Harraa
• Odeffanoo
• Qonqo fi Video
• Fakkii
• Barnotta
• Qoqqodama
• Odeeffannoo Haaraa
• Footoo Har'aa
• Suura Har'aa
• What is this for?
• What is this about?
• If there is nothing important on this page, I would recommend its deletion.
• Same with this
• What's the meaning of Dhukkuba?
• Please, delete Obituaries.

Thanks for your help. Please, keep creating new articles, I will try to add templates. --Chabi1 (talk) 17:05, 17 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

• Oduu Harraa - News of the Day (Today's News)
• Odeffanoo - Information
• Qonqo fi Video - Audio and Video (the spelling not correct, it should be Sagalee fi Viidiyoo)
• Fakkii - Figure/Image/Picture
• Barnotta - Education (correct spelling: Barnoota)
• Qoqqodama - Classification/Category (Correct spelling: Qoqqoodama)
• Odeeffannoo Haaraa - New Information
• Footoo Har'aa - Picture of the Day
• Suura Har'aa - Picture of the Day (same as the above)
• What is this for? Not that important, so I deleted it.
• If there is nothing important on this page, I would recommend its deletion. Deleted.
• What is this about? It is a diagram of the highest mountains in the world. It is created by the previous admin of Oromo wiki.
• What's the meaning of Dhukkuba? Dhukkuba is a disease, it can also be called 'dhibee'
• Please, delete Obituaries. Done.

Tumsaa (talk) 07:48, 18 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

--- I believe that the Main Page needs some changes, which I propose you in here:

• I would delete the section Qonqo fi Video as well as Odeffanoo. There is no point of grouping several articles when we already have the categories.
• The one that says "Oromiya", I would redirect it into "Portal:Oromiya" (How do you say "portal" in Oromo?
• Same with the one of "Sport".
• I would delete the section related to news, as far as it needs to be edited constantly, which supposes too much work, in a moment in which this Wikipedia needs more important improvements.
• I that part of the Main Page, I would create six portals, as it was done in the Xitsonga Wikipedia.
• The portals would be the following ones: Oromia, Science, Aadaa Oromoo, Sport, Biography, Africa.
• Related to the idea of creating articles related to the Oromo, I would like to ask you if you can translate the following one, who was the first king of Mootummaa Jimmaa:

Moti Abba Jifar I was the first king of the Kingdom of Jimma (r. 1830–1855).

I have found that in the Gibe region there were several kingdoms, however, I don't know which of them were ruled by the Oromo. The kingdoms mentioned are Gera, Gomma, Garo, Gumma and Jimma Do you know which of them were Oromo?

What do you think about all of that?

Thanks for the translation in advance. --Chabi1 (talk) 14:31, 18 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

I've read that there is a drug or plat called kaht that is used in Oromiya. I think there should be an article informing about it.

I also believe that the Main Page needs redesigning and restructuring and be filled with new content. You can remove almost any part of the page because it has no useful content as such. I checked the Xitsonga wiki, it looks good and hence I think we can use that design. However, I prefer if we keep the current background and heading highlight colors (they are much softer). I like the title of the new portals even better. As Oromo wiki, it should have titles related to Oromo on the main page. So, go ahead and create the portals. Let me know if u need any help.

• Related to the idea of creating articles related to the Oromo, I would like to ask you if you can translate the following one, who was the first king of Jimmaa:
  • Most of the Gibe states were Oromo states: Gera, Gomma, Gumma and Jimma. I just read that Garo is established by Sidama people (I didn't know the kingdom of Garo previously). In addition, there were other Oromo states in western Oromia called Qellam and Leqa Nekamte. They were ruled by Oromo kings.
• Moti Abba Jifar I was the first king of the Kingdom of Jimma (r. 1830–1855). Mootichi Abbaa Jifaar I mootii (m. 1830-1855) Mootummaa Jimmaa kan jalqabaa ti.

Tumsaa (talk) 11:34, 20 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Several requests

• Could you please translate the following articles? I know there are a lot and wuite big, but they are necessary.

• • The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. With its capital at Chala (Cira), Gera's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.
    • Mootummaan Geeraa (1835 – 1887) mootummoota naannoo Gibeetti hundeeffaman keessaa tokko yoo ta'u kan hundeeffames dhuma jaarraa 19ffaa keessa. Magaalan guddaan Mootummaa Geeraa Caalaa (Ciiraa) yoo ta'u guddinni isaas tilmaaman amma aanaa Geeraa ammaa ga'a.

• • The Kingdom of Gumma was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century.Its territory corresponds approximately with the modern woredas of Gechi and Didessa.
    • Mootummaan Gummaa mootummoota naannoo Gibeetti hundeeffaman keessa tokko yoo ta'u kan hundeeffames jaarraa 18ffaatti. Bulchiinsi Mootummaa Gummaa tilmaaman aanolee Gachii fi Dhedheessaa ammaa of keessatti qabata.

• • The Kingdom of Gomma was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century. It was based in Agaro.
    • Mootummaan Gommaa mootummoota naannoo Gibeetti hundeeffaman keessaa tokko yoo ta'u kan hundeeffames jaarraa 18ffaatti. Teesson Mootummaa Gommaa Aggaaroo ture.

• • The Horn of Africa (Amharic: የአፍሪካ ቀንድ? yäafrika qänd, Arabic: القرن الأفريقي‎ al-qarn al-'afrīqī, Somali: Geeska Afrika, Oromo: Gaaffaa Afriikaa, Tigrinya: ቀርኒ ኣፍሪቃ?) is a peninsula in Northeast Africa. It juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. The area is the easternmost projection of the African continent. Referred to in ancient and medieval times as Bilad al Barbar ("Land of the Berbers"),the Horn of Africa denotes the region containing the countries of Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Somalia.
    • Gaanfi Afrikaa (Amharic: የአፍሪካ ቀንድ yäafrika qänd, Arabic: القرن الأفريقي‎ al-qarn al-'afrīqī, Somali: Geeska Afrika, Tigrinya: ቀርኒ ኣፍሪቃ?) peninsulaa Afrikaa Kaaba-Bahaatti argamudha. Gaanfi Afrikaa muxxatee kiilomeetira dhibba baayyee Galaana Arabiyaa keessaa seena, kibba Galoo-galaana Edenitti argama. Gaanfi Afrikaa ardii Afrikaarra fiixee gara bahaati. Bara durii fi giddu galeessaa keessa Bilad al Barbar ("Biyya Barbarootaa") kan jedhamu Gaanfi Afrikaa, biyyoota Eertiraa, Jibuutii, Itoophiyaa fi Somaaliyaa qabata.

You can see here my proposal for a new Main Page.

I have seen the new Main Page, and it looks good. It has similar style to the previous main page which is good. But, do we need the tabs? Since this is the main page, I prefer if it is simple than one which is crowded with links and lots of information. What is your opinion? Tumsaa (talk) 16:03, 20 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

No, no. The tabs in the top of the page won't be in the Main Page, there are just for me to organise everything. --Chabi1 (talk) 16:13, 20 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Ok, I get it. One more thing, can you make the science section not to overlap with the portals header? If that is done, then the new main page is ready. Tumsaa (talk) 16:27, 20 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

I don't understand what you mean, in my computer there is no overlap. Which browser do you use? --Chabi1 (talk) 16:29, 20 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

I was using a laptop and I think that the cause of the overlap because the screen size is smaller. Just now, I checked it on Desktop and there is no overlap. But on laptop it does overlap a little bit. The browser used does not matter, same on all browsers.

Several things

Could you please translate the following terms?

• Former monarchies of Africa - Mootota Afrikaa kan Duraanii
• Former countries in Africa - Biyyoota Afrikaa kan Duraanii
• Oral literature - Ogbarruu Afaanii
• Written literature - Ogbarruu Barreeffamaa
• Biography - Seenaa Jireenyaa
• Portal - Poortaalii
• Arab Republic of Egypt - Rippabiliika Arabaa Ijiipti

What's the meaning of Ciigoo oromo? Cigoo is a hidden way of conveying a message. Such sentences/phrases have two meanings: the obvious meaning which most people can understand easily, and a hidden meaning which is more difficult to find out.

And the following article:

The Ethiopian Empire (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ?, Mängəstä Ityop'p'ya), also known as Abyssinia, spanned a geographical area covered by present-day Eritrea and the northern half of Ethiopia. It existed from approximately 1137 (beginning of Zagwe Dynasty) until 1975 when the monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'etat.

I was thinking about the fact that, as Oromoo is one of the most spoken African languages, its Wikipedia should be one of the best amount the African ones. What do I mean by that? That, besides having information about Oromiya, the Oromo and their culture (which is our main scope), I think that the second one should be trying to gather the maximum amount of information about Africa in Oromo and, what is more important, from an Oromo/African point of view, which means trying to present the information either from an objective or an Oromo/African point of view. I know that there is still a lot to do, but I just wanted to comment you about this. --Chabi1 (talk) 14:37, 20 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Articles

I wuld like to ask you to translate the following articles:

• Design templates - Qajojii Saxaxaa
• People by nationality - Namoota lammummaasaanitiin
• People by occupation - Namoota ogummaasaanitiin
• Anniversaries - Ayyaaneffata
• Lists of people - Tarree namootaa
• People by status -
• A biography or simply bio is a detailed description or account of a person's life. It entails more than basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death—a biography also portrays a subject's experience of these events.
  • Seenan jireenyaa ibsa ballaa ykn gabaasa jireenya namaa tokkooti. Seenan jireenyaa odeeffannoo barnoota, hojii, hariiroo, fi du'a caala qabata - muxannoo namni sun isaan kanarratti qabus of keessatti qabata.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 12:15, 21 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

More articles

Could you please translate these articles?

• Algebra (from Arabic al-jebr meaning "reunion of broken parts") is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most general form algebra is the study of symbols and the rules for manipulating symbols and is a unifying thread of all of mathematics.
  • Aljebraa (jecha Arabiffaa al-jebr jedhurraa dhufe hiikaansaas "reunion of broken parts") damee herregaa ball'aa keessaa, tiyoorii lakkoofsaa, ji'oomeetirii fi qaaccessuu dabalatee, tokkodha. Aljebraan haala waliigalaan qorannoo mallattoowwanii fi seera mallattoowwan ittiin hujeessaniiti, kunis herreega hunda walitti fidee kan tokko taasisudha.

• Geometry (from the Ancient Greek: γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer.
  • Ji'oomeetirii (jecha Giriik Durii: γεωμετρία; ji'oo- "dachee", -meetiron "safaruu") damee herregaa kan gaaffii boca, guddina, iddoowwan birqabaa danootaa qoratudha fi akkasumas amaloota ispeesii qoratudha. Abbaan herregaa kan damee ji'oomeetirii irratti xiyyeeffatee hojjatu ji'oometir jedhama.

• In geometry, a polygon (from the Greek πολύς (polús) "much", "many" and γωνία (gōnía) "corner", "angle", or γόνυ (gónu) "knee") is traditionally a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed chain or circuit. These segments are called its edges or sides, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon's vertices (singular: vertex) or corners. The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body.
  • Ji'oomeetirii keessatti, pooliigoniin (jecha Giriik πολύς (polús) "baayyee" fi γωνία (gōnía) "kornerii", "kofoo", ykn γόνυ (gónu) "jilba") danaa diriiraa kan sarara qajeelaa lakkoofsisaa beekkamaa ta'een daangeffamedha, sararri qajeelan kunis deebi'ee cufamuudhan cancala cufamaa ykn sarkiyuutii uuma. Sararri qajeelan kun bukkee danaa sanaa jedhama, bakka itti bukkeen tokko bukkee biraatin waltuqu ammoo verteeksii ykn kornerii jedhama. Keessi danaa kanaa yeroo tokko tokko qaama danaa jedhama.

I am thinking that Ciigoo Oromo' can be translated as metaphor or irony, can't it?

• Cigoo Oromoo is neither metaphor nor irony. If you must translate, it is more closer to riddle.

--Chabi1 (talk) 13:05, 22 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate the following articles?

• In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning.
  • * Herregaa fi Saayinsii Kompitaraa keessatti, seermurtoon (algorithm) tartiiba adeemsa shallagaa ittiin hojjataniiti. Seermurtoon shallaga, daataa hujeessuu fi murtii ofummaa'ee keessatti fayyada.

• Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word ἀριθμός, arithmos "number") is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics. It consists in the study of numbers, especially the properties of the traditional operations between them — addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Arithmetic is an elementary part of number theory, and number theory is considered to be one of the top-level divisions of modern mathematics, along with algebra, geometry, and analysis.
  • Artimeetiik ykn artimeetiiksi (jecha Giriik ἀριθμός, aartimoos "lakkoofsa") damee herregaa kan dameewwan kaan hunda caala umurii dheeraa qabuu fi hunda caala bu'uura ta'edha. Dameen kun lakkoofsa qorachuu of keessatti qabata, keessaahuu amaloota hojii isaan gidduutti raawwatamuu - ida'uu, hirrisuu, baayyisuu, fi hiruu - qorachuu. Artimeetikiin tiyoorii lakkoofsaa keessatti kan bu'uraati, tiyoorin lakkoofsaa damee herregaa olaanaa keessaa akka tokkootti ilaallama, kunis aljebraa, ji'oomeetirii fi qaaccessuu wajjin jechuudha.

• In mathematics, an equation is an equality containing one or more variables. Solving the equation consists of determining which values of the variables make the equality true. In this situation, variables are also known as unknowns and the values which satisfy the equality are known as solutions. An equation differs from an identity in that it is not necessarily true for all possible values of the variable.
  • Herrega keessatti, qixxaatoon walqixxaata jijjiiramaa (variable) tokkoo fi sanaa ol qabudha. Qixxaatoo kana furuun gatii jijjiiramaa kan walqixxeenya kana dhugaa godhu barbaadudha. Haala kana keessatti, jijjiiramaaan maqaa wallaalamaa jedhu yoo qabaatu gatiin walqixxaata kana dhugaa godhu ammoo furmaata jedhama. Qixxaatoon tokkummaa irraa kan adda godhu gatii jijjiiramaa hundaaf walqixxeenyi sun dhugaa ta'uu baachuu isaati.

Thanks for your help --Chabi1 (talk) 17:52, 24 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Equation and arithmetics

I have a doubt regarding the translation of those two words, because when I asked you to translate it for the list of vital articles, the translations you provided were:

• Equation: Barnoota
• Arithmetics: Qooyyaba

However, when translating the articles above, you've used these terms:

• Equation: qixxaatoo
• Arithmetics: Artimeetiik, artimeetiiksi

Which ones are correct? --Chabi1 (talk) 11:44, 27 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

To clear the doubts:

• Equation: Barnoota
  • Equation is not Barnoota, barnoota is education. So the correct translation is qixxaatoo.
• Arithmetics: Qooyyaba
  • I remember that I translated Arithemtic as qooyyaba. I have a little bit of confusion that I have to clear up here. I will check if qooyyaba is equivalent to arithmetic and inform you back.

Thanks for pointing out that to me. I see your diligence and commitment here, you go back and check the previous translations. That is very great. Thanks for your help. Tumsaa (talk) 16:35, 27 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

I try to do my best. I would like to see a good Oromo encyclopedia as accurate as possible. These articles are basic as can help children to learn about different subjects so they have to be well translated. Thanks for your explanations, they've been very useful. --Chabi1 (talk) 22:34, 27 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Here you have more articles to be translated:

• Categories
  • Gareewwan
• Other Wikipedias in African languages
  • Wiikipiidiyaa Afaanota Afrikaa kan Biraatin
• Technology (from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia) is the collection of tools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans. Engineering is the discipline that seeks to study and design new technologies.
  • Teeknooloojii (jecha Giriik τέχνη, tekne, "aartii, ogummaa, dandeettii harkaa"; fi -λογία, -loojiyaa) kuusaa meeshaaleeti, kunis maashinoota, jijjiirraa (modification), qindaayina fi adeemsa namoonni itti fayyadaman dabalata. Injineriingiin damee saayinsii kan teknooloojii haaraa qorachuu fi saxaxuu irratti xiyyeeffatu.

• Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural, physical, or material world or universe. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. It ranges in scale from the subatomic to the cosmic.
  • Uummamni, ballifamee yoo hiikkamu, addunyaa ykn yuuniversii uumaa, fiizikaalaa, ykn wantootaa wajjin tokko. Uummamni waan addunyaa fiizikaalaa keessati ta'u, fi waluumaagalatti jireenya ibsa. Ballinni isaa atomiidhaa gadii ka'ee hanga kosmoosii guddata.

• The "Scramble for Africa" (also the Partition of Africa and the Conquest of Africa) was the invasion and occupation, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. In 1870, 10 percent of Africa was under European control; by 1914 it was 90 percent of the continent, with only Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and Liberia still independent.
  • "Afrikaatti ariifachuu" (Afrikaa hirachuu ykn Afrikaa Gabrommfachuu) Afrikaa qabachuu, koloneeffachuu, fi lafasaa saamuu humnoota Yuurooppin yeroo Impeeriyaalizimii Haaraa, bara 1881 fi 1914 gidduutti raawwatamedha. Bara 1870tti, Afrikaa dhibbantaa 10% qofatu too'annaa Yuurooppi harka jira ture; bara 1914tti, ardii Afrikaa keessaa dhibbantaan 90% bulchiinsa Yuurooppi jala jira, Abisiiniyaa (Itoophiyaa) fi Laayibeeriyaa qofatu gabrummaa jala hin galin hafe.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 22:42, 27 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Translations

More:

• History of science - Seenaa Saayinsii
• Colonisation of Africa - Koloneeffamuu Afrikaa
• European exploration of Africa - Yuurooppi Afrikaa Abuuruu
• Decolonisation of Africa - Kolonii Jalaa Bahuu Afrikaa
• Economic history of Africa - Seenaa Diinagdee Afrikaa
• Military history of Africa - Seenaa Waraana Afrikaa
• List of conflicts in Africa - Tarree Walitti Bu'iinsa Afrikaa Keessaa
• Architecture of Africa - Ijaarrii Afrikaa
• List of World Heritage Sites in Africa - **
• African art - Aartii Afrikaa
• African cinema - Siinimaa Afrikaa
• List of film festivals in Africa - Tarree Feestivaalii Fiilmii Afrikaa Keessattii
• List of African films - Tarree Fiilmii Afrikaa
• Cuisine of Africa - Nyaata Afrikaa
• Etiquette in Africa - Safuu Afrikaa Keessatti
• Languages of Africa - Afaanota Afrikaa
• African literature - Ogbaruu Afrikaa
• List of African writers by country - Tarree Barreessitoota Afrikaa Biyyaan
• Music of Africa - Wallee Afrikaa
• List of African musicians - Tarree Weellistoota Afrikaa
• Religion in Africa - Amantii Afrikaa keessatti

• Astronomy is a natural science which is the study of celestial objects (such as stars, galaxies, planets, moons, and nebulae), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation.
• The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, are an ethnic group in the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, although some also inhabit the southern point of Eritrea. Afars speak the Afar language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.
• The Arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the Arab world, mainly in Western Asia, North Africa, Southeast Africa, the Horn of Africa and certain parts of Europe (such as Iberia and Sicily) beginning during the era of the Arab conquests and continuing through the 19th century. The trade was focused on the slave markets of the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa. Slaves were of varied race, ethnicity, and religion.
• The history of external colonisation of Africa can be divided into three stages, Classical antiquity, Arab conquest, and European colonialism. In popular parlance, colonialism in Africa refers to the latter of these three waves.

Sorry to bother you again but which is the translation for "nature": Uummama or Uummamni?

Nature is uummama or uumaa. Uummama and Uummamni are the same except one is subject form and the other is object form. Words change their forms when they act as subject.

I would like to ask you how is the relationship between the Oromos and other ethnic groups. Do they get on with the Somalis, the Sidamo, the Beja and the Afar?

Oromo people is the most peaceful people in East Africa. They lived and continue to live today with many ethnic groups, even including the semitic abusers from north Ethiopia. The relationship with Somalis, Sidama, and Afar is good. They are also the victims of colonial abuse just like Oromo, and hence there is some sort of affinity between Oromo and them. Beja and Oromo don't have direct contact with each other beause they don't share any boundary. Beja mostly live in Sudan and Eritrea.

I would like to tell that I am planning to change the Wiktionary in Oromo as its presentation is horrible. My idea is to add too types of dictionaries: one monolingual, with definitions in Oromo, and another one with translations into different languages (the biggest ones and also Somali and Amharic, as they are the main languages, besides Oromiffa, in the Horn of Africa).

I have never worked on Wiktionary in Oromo and hence, I can't comment much on that. You can change the interface and if u need some help, I am with you. On creating translations to Somali, I am not sure if we could find contributers. Otherwise, it is good to have Oromo-Somali dictionary.

--Chabi1 (talk) 12:04, 30 Sadaasa 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

• Did you know...?
  • Kana beektaa...?
• Did you know that the Odaa tree is a sacred symbol for the Oromo that has been used for political and religious gatherings among the Oromo and therefore was selected as a national symbol relating the Oromo with their territory (Oromiya) and also with their traditions?
  • Odaan Oromoodhaf muka qulqullaa'aa kan yaa'ii siyaasaa fi amantii jalatti geggeessan ta'uu fi kanaafis akka mallattoo Oromoota biyya isaanii (Oromiyaa) fi aadaa isaanii wajjin walqabsiisuuf kan filatame ta'u beektaa?
• This portal presents in an organised way all the information about the Oromo culture. The Oromo have a very extense culture: from their gadaa system to their own calendar, their culture includes music, literature and their own religious system called Waaqeffannaa.
  • Poortaalin kun odeeffannoo waa'ee aadaa Oromoo karaa qindaa'aa ta'een dhiyeessa. Oromoon aadaa ball'aa qaba: Sirna Gaadaa irraa kaasee hanga dhahaa mataasaatti, aadan Oromoo wallee, ogbarruu fi amantii Oromoo Waaqeffannaa jedhamu of keessatti qabata.

• Astronomy is a natural science which is the study of celestial objects (such as stars, galaxies, planets, moons, and nebulae), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation.
  • Astironoomiin saayinsii uummama kan wantoota qoolloo keessa jiran (kan akka urijiiwwanii, galaaksii, pilaaneetii, ji'a, fi nebulaa) qoratudha, fiiziksii, kemistirii, fi jijjiirama wantoota kanaa, fi ta'iinsa (phenomena) atimosferii lafaa alaa ka'u, dhuka'a suppernoovaa, faca'a caralla gaammaa, raadiyeeshinii maayikirooweevii kosmoosii qorata.

• The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, are an ethnic group in the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, although some also inhabit the southern point of Eritrea. Afars speak the Afar language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.
  • Affaar (Afar: Qafár), Danaakil jedhamaniis ni waammamu, saba Gaanfa Afrikaa keessa jiraatudha. Baayinnaan ummanni Affaar Itoophiyaa keessa mootummaa naannoo Affaar keessa fi kaaba Jibuutii keessa jiraatu, namoonni muraasni ammo kibba Eertiraa keessa jiraatu. Ummanni Affaar afaan Affaariffaa dubbata.

• The Arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the Arab world, mainly in Western Asia, North Africa, Southeast Africa, the Horn of Africa and certain parts of Europe (such as Iberia and Sicily) beginning during the era of the Arab conquests and continuing through the 19th century. The trade was focused on the slave markets of the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa. Slaves were of varied race, ethnicity, and religion.
  • Daldalli garbaa Arabaa garbummaa biyyoota Arabaa keessatti fayyadamaa turani, keessumattuu Dhiha Eeshiyaa, Kaaba Afrikaa, kibba-baha Afrikaa, Gaanfa Afrikaa, fi kutaa Yuurooppi muraasa keessatti (kan akka Iberia fi Sisilii) bara bittaa Arabaatti jalqabee hanga jaarraa 19ffaatti kan turedha. Daldalli kun gabaa garbaa Giddu-gala Bahaa, Kaaba Afrikaa fi Gaanfa Afrikaa irratti xiyyeffata. Garboonni kun sanyii, sabaa, fi amantii adda addaa keessaa kan dhufani turan.

• The history of external colonisation of Africa can be divided into three stages, Classical antiquity, Arab conquest, and European colonialism. In popular parlance, colonialism in Africa refers to the latter of these three waves.
  • Seenan Afrikaan humnoota alaatin koloneeffamuu marsaa sadi'itti qooddamuu danda'a: kan bara durii, bittaa Arabaa, fi koloniyaalizimii Yuurooppiti. Ummata biratti, koloniyaalizimii Afrikaa kan jedhu sadan kana keessaa isa dhumaa akka ibsutti beekkama.

We have six portals! --Chabi1 (talk) 18:41, 2 Muddee 2014 (UTC)

Doubts

Sorry to bother you again but you translated "Astronomy" as "Qorannoo Urjii" and also as "Astironoomii"? Which one is correct?

• Arab slave trade
• History of external colonisation of Africa
• Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of animals and their parts; it is also referred to as zootomy to separate it from human anatomy. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.

I would like to ask you about the curriculum that Oromo children have in their schools. Which subjects do they take? --Chabi1 (talk) 18:23, 3 Muddee 2014 (UTC)

• I think astronomy is a better terminology in general because "Qorannoo urjii" means simply the study of stars which is not the same as astronomy. It is better if we use astonomy.

• Arab slave trade
  • Daldala Garabaa Arabaa

• History of external colonisation of Africa
  • Seenaa Afrikaan humnoota alaatin koloneeffamuu

• Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of animals and their parts; it is also referred to as zootomy to separate it from human anatomy. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.
  • Anaatoomin damee Baayoloojii kan caasaa bineensotaa fi qaama isaa qoratudha; anaatoomii namaarraa adda baasuf maqaa biraa zuutoomii (zootomy) jedhamunis niwaammama. Dameesaa isa tokkoon, anaatoomin qorannaa ulfaa fi anaatoomii wal-dorgomsiisaa wajjin wal qabata, kunimmoo deebi'ee baayoloojii ivoluushunii fi filoojenii wajjin walqabata. Anaatoomin namaa saayinsii fayyaa kan bu'uura fi barbaachisaa ta'an keessaa isa tokko.

• In Oromia regional state, the medium of instruction is Afan Oromo until grade 8. From grade 9 to 12, the medium of instruction is English throughout the country. Regarding curriculum, the students take basic sciences including maths, biology, physics, chemistry, history, and geography. In addition, English, and two local languages (Amharic and Afan Oromo) are also taught in Oromia. Subjects like ethical education, and information technology are also taught in high school.

Tumsaa (talk) 08:19, 5 Muddee 2014 (UTC)

Translation

• In nearly all African countries today, the language used in government and media is a relic inherited from one of these waves of colonisation. The existence of a vast African diaspora is partly a legacy of the practice of transporting millions of African slaves out of the continent by these external colonisers.
  • Biyyoota Afrikaa hunda keessatti, afaan mootummaa fi meeshaalen sabqunnamtii itti fayyadaman dhaala sirna koloniyaalizimii irraa dhufedha. Dhalattoonni Afrikaa baayyeen biyyoota biraa keessa jiraachunsaanii Afrikaanonni miliyoonatti lakkaawwaman akka garbaatti koloneessitoota alaa kanaan guurramanii gara biraa geeffamuu wajjin kan walqabatudha.

• Chronological overview: In Ancient times, peoples from Southern Europe and Western Asia colonised North Africa, while peoples from Southeast Asia colonised Madagascar. In the Middle Ages, North and East Africa was further colonised by peoples from Western Asia. In the Modern Era, Western Europeans colonised all parts of the continent, culminating in the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century. A wave of decolonisation followed after World War II. The main instance of internal colonisation within the African continent was the Bantu migration.
  • Tartiiba Raawwii: Bar durii keessa, uummattoota Yuurooppi Kibbaa fi Dhiha Eeshiyaa jiraatanitu Afrikaa Kaabaa kololeeffate, ummanni Eeshiyaa kibba-baha ammoo Mdagaaskaar koloneeffatan. Bara Giddu-galeessaa keessa, Kaabni fi Bahi Afrikaa ummata Dhiha Eeshiyaatin dabalataan koloneeffaman. Bara Ammayyaa keessa, ummanni Yuurooppi Dhihaa Ardii Afrikaa hunda koloneeffatan, kunis "Afrikaaf Daddafuu" dhuma jaarra 19ffaatin fiixee ga'e. Dambaliin kolonii jalaa ba'uu Waraana Addunyaa II booda ka'e. Fakkeenya guddaa koloneessuu keessaa kan Ardii Afrikaa keessaatti godhame godaansa Baantuti.

• decolonization of Africa: The decolonization of Africa followed World War II as colonized peoples agitated for independence and colonial powers withdrew their administrators from Africa. The only two world powers to officially and actively support African decolonization through the entire 20th century were the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China — all others varied their opinions from the strong and stubborn defense of colonialism to a half-hearted support to fait-accompli situations.
  • Afrikaan kolonii jalaa ba'uu: Afrikaan kolonii jalaa ba'uun Waraana Addunyaa IItti aanee kan dhufe yoo ta'u kunis uummanni koloneeffame bilisummaaf waan dadammaqaanif fi humnoonni koloneeffattootaa bulchitoota isaani Afrikaa keessaa waan baasaniif ture. Humnoonni Adunyaa lamaan kan jaarraa 20ffaa guutuu kolonii jalaa ba'uu Afrikaa kara ofiseelaa fi cimsanii deeggaraa turan Sooviyeet Yuuniyeenii fi Chaayinaa qofa ture — biyyoonni kaan yaadasaanii deeggarsa koloniyaalizimii cimaarraa ka'ee hanga deeggarsa waan duraan ta'eef garaa duubaa kennuutti garaagarummaa qaba.

• The Ethiopian Empire (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ?, Mängəstä Ityop'p'ya), also known as Abyssinia, spanned a geographical area covered by present-day Eritrea and the northern half of Ethiopia. It existed from approximately 1137 (beginning of Zagwe Dynasty) until 1975 when the monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'etat.
  • Impayeera Itoophiya (Amaariffa: የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ, Mängəstä Ityop'p'ya), Abisiiniyaas nijedhamti, impaayera Eertiraa ammaa fi walakkaa gara kaabaa Itoophiya of keessatti qabatudha. Impaayerri kun tilmaamaan 1137 (ka'umsa Zaaguwee) kaasee hanga 1975 mootin fonqolchan hangoorra ari'ametti ture.

• Humanity originated in Africa, and as soon as long as human societies have existed, so has economic activity. The earliest humans were hunter gatherers who were living in small, family groupings. Even then there was considerable trade that could cover long distances. Archaeologists have found that evidence of trade in luxury items like precious metals and shells across the entirety of the continent.
  • Ilmi namaa Afrikaarraa ka'e, bakka hawaasni namaa jiraatutti, sochiin diinagdees nijiraata. Ilmi namaa kan jalqabaa aloolaa fi funaantuu maatii xiqqaadhan gurmaa'ee jiraatu ture. Yeruma sanallee hojiin daldalaa jabaa ta'ee kan lafa fagoo uwwisu nijira ture. Arki'ooloojistoonni ragaa daladala mi'a gatii jabaa kan akka sibiila mi'aa fi sheelii guutuu Afrikaa keessatti argataniiru.

• The main slave routes in Africa during the Middle Ages.
  • Karaa Daldala Garbaa Afrikaa keessaa Gurguddaa Bara Giddu-galeessaatti
• Islam and slavery
  • Islaamaa fi Garbummaa
• African slave trade
  • Daldala Garbaa Afrikaa
• Arab history
  • Seenaa Arabaa
• History of North Africa
  • Seenaa Kaaba Afrikaa
• Muslim conquest of Africa
  • Afrikaan Muslimaan Bitamuu

Regarding the subjects studied by Oromo children at school, could you please find in the Internet if there is any book (photocopied or just its title) to see which topics are learnt in each subject and thus adapt the information of our Wikipedia in order to create contents that will help em. --Chabi1 (talk) 11:37, 5 Muddee 2014 (UTC)

The languages I propose to be in the Wiktionary are the following ones:

• Afar, Somali, Amharic and Sidama
• Swahili, Arabic, Hausa, Igbo, Zulu
• English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Russia
• Chinese, Korean and Japanese

I would not care about the rest as these are the most important for the Oromo. The first group is composed of languages of ethnic groups related to the Oromo; the second one, the most widely spoken languages in Africa; the third one, the main European languages and the last one, the main Asian ones. --Chabi1 (talk) 10:00, 6 Muddee 2014 (UTC)

I think having all these languages is good for users, especially for those who want to learn one of these languages. The biggest question is whether we can find contributors for all these languages. The only foreign language taught in Oromia is English and so you would not find any speaker of these major languages except few diaspora. If you think we can start, then go ahead, I have no objection on having all that languages. I also recommend adding Deutsch (German) to the list because quite sizable Oromo diasporas live in Germany. Tumsaa (talk) 15:26, 6 Muddee 2014 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate the following articles? I know the second one is quite long, but I am in a hurry in order to finish certain articles as soon as possible because there is so much to do. I have been looking at different Wikipedias in African languages and the Swahili, Wolof and Yoruba as well as Zulu are the main ones. I would like to see this Wikipedia being the first one (or at least among the first ones) among the African ones.

I would like to ask what is the article Siiqqee about. I am very happy to see how you have created and expanded the articles related to Oromo culture. I will search for more sources through the Internet. Thanks a lot for your help and your effort. I've been asking for some volunteers in Facebook to translate articles but they are not listening to me. It's sad to see that.

• Siiqqee is Oromo traditional culture in which woman carrying a special stick called siiqqee gather together and perform different social activities like asking for justice if a woman is abused, stop unnecessary fight between clans/groups, bless warriors going for war when their community is attacked, etc. They usually sing during siiqqee ceremony. Every member of a society respects and obeys a woman carrying siiqqee and hence people call it the spear of a woman.

• (for the article Afrikaatti ariifachuu): The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, usually is the starting point of the Conquest of Africa. Consequent to the political and economic rivalries among the European empires, in the last quarter of the 19th century, the partitioning of Africa was how the Europeans avoided warring amongst themselves over Africa. The last 59 years of the 19th century saw the transition from "informal imperialism" (hegemony), by military influence and economic dominance, to the direct rule of a people, colonial imperialism.
  • Afrikaatti ariifachuu: Korri Barliin 1884, kan daldalaa Afrikaa keessaa fi koloneessuu Afrikaa humnoota Yuurooppin raawwatamu too'ate, jalqaba gabroomfachuu Afrika ti. Walmorkii siyaasaa fi diinagdee impaayera Yuurooppi giddu jirurraan kan ka'e, nuusa dhumaa jaarraa 19ffaatti, Afrikaa addaan qooddachuun tooftaa ittiin warri Yuurooppi Afrikaarratti wal loluu ittisanidha. Waggoonni 59 kan dhumaa jaarraa 19ffaa, ce'umsa "imperiyaalizimii lafa jalaa", kan karaa waraanaa dhiibbaa uumuu fi diinagdee too'achuun hojjaturraa, gara uummata kallattiin bulchuu, imperiyaalizimii koloneeffataatti ce'e.

• for the article Koloneeffamuu Afrikaa: Ancient and Medieval colonisation. North Africa experienced colonisation from Europe and Western Asia in the early historical period, particularly Greeks and Phoenicians. Under Egypt's Pharaoh Amasis (570–526 BC) a Greek mercantile colony was established at Naucratis, some fifty miles from the later Alexandria. Greeks also colonised Cyrenaica around the same time. There was also an attempt in 513 BC to establish a Greek colony between Cyrene and Carthage, which resulted in the combined local and Carthaginian expulsion two years later of the Greek colonists. Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) founded Alexandria during his conquest of Egypt. This became one of the major cities of Hellenistic and Roman times, a trading and cultural centre as well as a military headquarters and communications hub. Phoenicians established a number of colonies along the coast of North Africa. Some of these were founded relatively early. Utica, for example, was founded c. 1100 BC. Carthage, which means New City, has a traditional foundation date of 801 BC. It was established in what is now Tunisia and became a major power in the Mediterranean by the 4th century BC. The Carthaginians themselves sent out expeditions to explore and establish colonies along Africa's Atlantic coast. A surviving account of such is that of Hanno which Harden who quotes it places at c. 425 BC. Carthage encountered and struggled with the Romans. After the third and final war between them, the Third Punic War (150–146 BC), Rome completely destroyed Carthage. Scullard (p. 37, 150, 216) mentions plans by such as Gaius Gracchus in the late 2nd century BC, Julius Caesar and Augustus in the mid and late 1st century BC to establish a new Roman colony near the same site. This was established and under Augustus served as the capital city of the Roman province of Africa. Gothic Vandals briefly established a kingdom there in the 5th century, which shortly thereafter fell to the Romans again, this time the Byzantines. The whole of Roman/Byzantine North Africa eventually fell to the Arabs in the 7th century. Arabs introduced the Arabic language and Islam in the early Medieval period, while the Malay people introduced varieties of their language to Madagascar even earlier.
  • Koloneeffamuu Afrikaa: Koloneessuu bara durii fi giddu-galeessaa. Afrikaan kaabaa koloneessuu Yuurooppii fi Eeshiyaa Dhihaa bara seena jalqabaa keessatti mudate, keessummattuu Giriikii fi Foneeshiyaanota. Faaroo Ijiipti Amaasis (570–526 DhKD) jalatti, koloniin daldalaa Giriik Naucratis itti, bakka Aleksaandiriyaarraa maayilii shantama fagaatutti, hundeeffame. Giriikonni yeroodhuma kana Cyrenaica koloneeffatanii jiru. Bara 513 DHKD, warri Giriik kolonii Cyrene fi Carthage gidduutti dhaabuf yaalii godhanii turan, kunis ummata naannoo fi warri Carthage waliin ta'uun waggaa lama booda koloneessitoota Giriik ari'ani. Aleeksaander Guddichi (356–323 BC) magaalaa Aleeksaandiriyaa bara Ijiipti koloneeffatetti hundeesse. Kunis magaalaa guddaa bara Heleenii fi Roomaa ta'e, giddu-gala daldalaa fi aadaa akkasumas buufta waraanaa fi walqunnamtii ta'e. Finiishaanonni kolonii baayyee naannoo qarqara galaanaa Kaaba Afrikaa dhaabaniiru. Kana keessaa muraasni bara durii keessa kan dhabbatanidha. Utica, fakkeenyaaf, 1100 DhKD dhaabbate. Kaarteej, kan hiikansaa magaalaa haaraa jechuu ta'e, DhKD bara 801tti hundeeffamte. Kaarteej biyya amma Tuniiziyaa jedhamtu kana keessatti kan dhaabbatte yoo ta'u DhKD jaarraa 4ffaa keessa naannoo galaana Meditiraaniyaaniitti humna guddaa taatee turte. Warri Kaarteeji mataansaanii duulaa Afrikaa naannoo qarqara Atilaantii qoratuu fi kolonii dhaabu ergaa turan. Duulaa akkasii kan beekkamu keessaa tokko kan Hannoti, Harden kana naannoo 425 DhKD tilmaama. Kaarteeji warra Roomaatin walitti buutee lolaa turte. Waraana kan sadaffaa fi kan dhumaatin, Waraana Puniikii Sadaffaa (150–146 BC), Room Kaarteejin guutummaan balleessite. Scullard (f. 37, 150, 216) karoora Gaius Gracchus jaarraa 2ffaa DhKD, Julius Caesar fi Augustus giddu-galeessa jaarraa 1ffaa DhKD kolonii Roomaa naannoo sanatti dhaabuuf qaban ibsa. Koloniin kunis dhaabbatee ture, bara Augustus akka magaalaa guddoo Konyaa Room kaan Afrikaa ta'ee tajaajile. Gothic Vandals yeroo gabaabaaf naannoo sanatti mootummaa jaarraa 5ffaa keessa dhaabanii turan, yeroo gabaabaa booda kunis harka warraa Roomatti kufe, warraa Beezantaayin. Guutummaan kolonii Roomaa/Beezantaayin kan Afrikaa Kaabaa jaarraa 7ffaatti Araboota jalatti kufe. Warri Arabootaa afaan Arabaa fi Islaamummaa jalqaba bara Giddu-galeessaa keessa beeksisan, karaa biraa ummanni Malaay ammoo afaansaanii adda addaa Madagaaskaariitti sana dura beeksisan.

--Chabi1 (talk) 11:09, 11 Muddee 2014 (UTC)

Hi! I am Chabi1 but just changed my account to this one. We can continue our cooperation however, I am afraid I won't be as free as before. --Katxis100 (talk) 11:20, 19 Bitootessa 2015 (UTC)

Translate

Please, could you translate this?

• A map of Africa in 1910
  • Kaartaa Afrikaa bara 1910tti

• Early modern period: From the 7th century, Arab merchants established settlements on the Swahili Coast, including the island of Zanzibar. Although trans-Saharan trade led to a small number of West African cities developing Arab quarters, these were not intended as colonies, and while Morocco attempted to conquer areas of the Sahel in the Moroccan war, it was soon forced to withdraw its troops after pillaging the area.
  • Bara ammayyaa kan duraa: Jaarraa 7ffaa kaasee, daldaltoonni Arabaa qarqara bishaanii Siwaahiliitti qubachuu jalqaban, odola Zaanzibaar dabalate. Daldala qaxxaamura-Sahaaraarraan kan ka'e magaalonni Afrikaa Dhihaa muraasni jiraattota Arabaa yoo qabaataniyyuu, biyyoonni akkasii kun akka kolonii ta'aniif kan yaaddame miti, garuu Morookoon Saahel Waraana Morookotiin qabachuu yoo yaalteyyuu, naannoo sana qabachuun saamtee oduma hin turin loltuu ishii akka baastu dirqamte.

• Early European expeditions concentrated on colonising previously uninhabited islands such as the Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé Island, or establishing coastal forts as a base for trade. These forts often developed areas of influence along coastal strips, but, with the exception of the Senegal River, the vast interior of Africa was not colonised and was little-known to Europeans until the late 19th century.
  • Jilli warra Yuurooppi kan jalqabaa odoloota namni irra hin jirree kan akka Keeppi Verdee fi Sa'o Toomee koloneeffachuurratti, ykn qarqara galaanaatti dawoo waraanaa (forts) akka buufata daldalaatti ijaaruu irratti xiyyeeffata. Dawoon waraanaa kunis yeroo baayyee nannoo qarqara galaanaa kan dhiibbaa warra Yuurooppi jala jiru uumee, garuu, Laga Senegaalin alatti, kutaan Afrikaa garri keessaa ballaan hinkoloneeffamne, akkasumas hanga jaarraa 19ffaatti warri Yuurooppi waa'ee keessa Afrikaa hinbeekan ture.

• Vincent Khapoya mentions Ali Mazrui's three interrelated broad reasons for European exploration of Africa: to increase knowledge, to spread Christianity and to increase national esteem. Khapoya continues with a listing of reasons ("political/strategic, cultural and economic") for colonialism.
  • Viinsenti Kapooyaa sabaawwan walqabatan babal'aa sadii kan Alii Mazru'ii kan warri Yuurooppi maalif Afrikaa abuuruu akka jalqaban ibsu: beekkumsa dabalachuuf, kiristaanummaa baballisuuf, fi ofitti-amantummaa biyyasaanii dabaluufi. Kapooyaan itti fufuun sababoota ("siyaasa/tarsiimoo, aadaa fi diinagdee") koloniyaalizimii tarreessa.

• Map of West Africa, ca. 1736, "explaining what belongs to England, Holland, Denmark, etc."
  • Kaartaa Afrikaa Dhihaa, til. 1736, "maaltu kan Ingilaandi, Hoolaandi, fi Deenmaarki, kkf akka ta'e kan ibsu"

Than you very much for your help. I know you have to translate a lot of information by your own but this will make a really good article. --Chabi1 (talk) 13:57, 13 Muddee 2014 (UTC)

Translate

Please translate this

Established empires, notably Britain, Portugal and France, had already claimed for themselves vast areas of Africa and Asia, and emerging imperial powers like Italy and Germany had done likewise on a smaller scale. With the dismissal of the aging Chancellor Bismarck by Kaiser Wilhelm II, the relatively orderly colonisation became a frantic scramble. The 1885 Berlin Conference, initiated by Bismarck to establish international guidelines for the acquisition of African territory, formalised this "New Imperialism". Between the Franco-Prussian War and the Great War, Europe added almost 9 million square miles (23,000,000 km²)—one-fifth of the land area of the globe—to its overseas colonial possessions.

Impaayeroonni bubbulan, keessaahuu Biriiten, Poorchugaal, fi Firaansi, lafa bal'aa Afrikaa fi Eeshiyaa sana durayyuu kan keenya jedhanii labsatan, impaayeroonni haara dhufaa jiran kan akka Xaaliyaanii fi Jarmaniis akkuma kana kan godhan, haa ta'u garuu lafti isaanii xiqqaadha. Erga chaansilerii duulloomaa jiru Bismaarki Kaayizer Viilheelmi IIdhaan angoorraa buufamee booda, sirni koloneeffachuu duraan kallattii qabatee deemaa ture tokkichumaan saamicha garadhabaa ta'e. Korri Barliin 1885, kan Biismaarki qajeelfama addunyaalessaa kan ittiin lafa Afrikaa fudhatan hundeessuuf waame, "Impeeriyaalizummaa Haaraa" kana waaltesse. Waraana Firaankoo-Piraashiyaa fi Waraana Guddaa gidduutti, Yuurooppi lafa miliyoona isquweer maayilii 9 (23,000,000 km²) ta'u - kan ballina lafa addunyaa keessaa tokko-shanaffaa ta'u - kolonii isaanii fageenyatti argamutti dabalatan.

Vincent Khapoya notes the great self-esteem some European states felt at possessing territory many times larger than themselves. He adds the significant contribution made by Africans to struggle among the great powers. He states that one million people of African descent fought for the Allies in World War One and two million in World War Two.

Viinsenti Kapoya ofitti-amanamummaa guddaa biyyoonni Yuurooppi sababa kolonii ballinaan biyya isaanii dachaa baayyen caalu qabaniif isanitti dhaga'ame guddaadha jedha. Kana malees, wal-falmii biyyoota gurguddaa kana gidduu jiru irratti gumaacha guddaa akka isaan godhan kaasa. Dhalatoonni Afrikaa milyoona tokko ta'an Waraana Addunyaa Iffaarrati, miliyoona lama kan ta'an ammoo Waraana Addunyaa IIffaarratti warraa Allayis bukkee hiriirun hirmaataniru jedha.

Khapoya considers the colonisers' administrative styles. "The French, the Portuguese, the Germans and the Belgians exercised a highly centralised type of administration called 'direct rule.'" The British sought to rule by identifying local power holders and encouraging or forcing these to administer for the British Empire. This was indirect rule.

Kapoya tooftaa bulchiinsa koloneessitoota ilaalchise akkana jedha. "Firaansi, Poorchugaal, Jarmanii, fi Beeljiyeem tooftaa bulchiinsa kan giddu-galeessan too'atamu kan 'Qajeelton bulchuu' jedhu hordofu. Biriiten ammoo namootaa naannoo sanaa kan angoorra jiran fayyadamuun akka isaan Impaayera Biriitishiif bulchan jajjabeessun ykn dirqisiisun bulchite. Kunimmoo "Alkallattiin bulchuu" dha.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi1 (talk) 19:05, 15 Muddee 2014 (UTC)

Hi Chabi1. How are you doing? I have been busy for more than a month and hence couldn't be online. For the next few weeks, I might have some free time to be on wikipedia. If you are not busy, we can continue our cooperation. Thanks for your contribution to Oromo Wiki. Tumsaa (talk) 14:15, 28 Guraandhala 2015 (UTC)

Translation

Hi! I am Chabi1 but just changed my account to this one. We can continue our cooperation however, I am afraid I won't be as free as before. --Katxis100 (talk) 11:20, 19 Bitootessa 2015 (UTC)

Could you please translate the following paragraphs_

(Decolonisation) Background: During the Scramble for Africa in the late nineteenth century, Western European powers divided Africa and its resources into political partitions at the Berlin Conference of 1884-85. By 1905, control of almost all African soil was claimed by Western European governments, with the only exceptions being Liberia (which had been settled by African-American former slaves) and Ethiopia (which had successfully resisted colonization by Italy). Britain and France had the largest holdings, but Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal also had colonies. As a result of colonialism and imperialism, a majority of Africa lost sovereignty and control of natural resources such as gold and rubber. Following the concept of White Man's Burden, some Europeans who benefited from colonization, felt that colonization was needed to civilize Africans.

(Colonisation) Established empires, notably Britain, Portugal and France, had already claimed for themselves vast areas of Africa and Asia, and emerging imperial powers like Italy and Germany had done likewise on a smaller scale. With the dismissal of the aging Chancellor Bismarck by Kaiser Wilhelm II, the relatively orderly colonisation became a frantic scramble. The 1884 Berlin Conference, initiated by Bismarck to establish international guidelines for the acquisition of African territory, formalised this "New Imperialism". Between the Franco-Prussian War and the Great War, Europe added almost 9 million square miles (23,000,000 km²)—one-fifth of the land area of the globe—to its overseas colonial possessions.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis100 (talk) 11:54, 19 Bitootessa 2015 (UTC)

Welcome back Chabi1. Nice to see you again! On the previous translations, I used the phrase "Afrikaatti ariifachuu" for "the Scramble for Africa". I believe that this terminology is not descriptive enough and hence prefer to use "Afrikaa cirachuu" from now on. Here is the translation:

• (Decolonisation) Background: During the Scramble...

(Kolonii jalaa ba'uu) Seenaasaa: dhuma jaarra kudha-salgaffaa keessa yeroo Afrikaa cirachuu, humnoonni Yuurooppi Dhihaa, Afrikaa fi qabeenyashii Kora Barliin 1884-85 irratti addaan hiratan. 1905tti, lafti Afrikaa hundi too'anna mootummoota Yuurooppi Dhihaa harka jira ture, kana keessaa kan hafan Laayibeeriyaa (iddoo qubsumaa Afrikaan-Ameerikaanota duraan garba turanii kan taate) fi Itoophiyaa (kan yaalii koloneessuu Xaaliyaaniin godhame ofirraa faccifte) qofa ture. Biriiteen fi Firaansi lafa bal'aa qabatani, garuu Jarmanii, Ispeen, Xaaliyaanii, Beeljiyeem fi Poorchugaalis kolonii qabu turan. Sababa koloniyaalizimii fi imperiyaalizimiitin, Afrikaa harki guddaan birmadummaa fi too'annaa qabeenya isaanii kan akka warqii fi muka gommaa dhaban. Yaada-rimee Walaloo Ba'aa Nama Diimaa hordofudhaan, namoonni Yuurooppi kan koloniyaalizimii irraa bu'aa argatan, koloniyaalizimiin Afrikaa qaroomsuuf barbaachisaadha jedhanii yaadu ture.

• (Colonisation) Established empires, notably Britain ...

Impaayeroonni bubbulan, keessaahuu Biriiten, Poorchugaal, fi Firaansi, lafa bal'aa Afrikaa fi Eeshiyaa sana durayyuu kan keenya jedhanii labsatan, impaayeroonni haara dhufaa jiran kan akka Xaaliyaanii fi Jarmaniis akkuma kana kan godhan, haa ta'u garuu lafti isaanii xiqqaadha. Erga chaansilerii duulloomaa jiru Bismaarki Kaayizer Viilheelmi IIdhaan angoorraa buufamee booda, sirni koloneeffachuu duraan kallattii qabatee deemaa ture tokkichumaan saamicha garadhabaa ta'e. Korri Barliin 1885, kan Biismaarki qajeelfama addunyaalessaa kan ittiin lafa Afrikaa fudhatan hundeessuuf waame, "Impeeriyaalizummaa Haaraa" kana waaltesse. Waraana Firaankoo-Piraashiyaa fi Waraana Guddaa gidduutti, Yuurooppi lafa miliyoona isquweer maayilii 9 (23,000,000 km²) ta'u - kan ballina lafa addunyaa keessaa tokko-shanaffaa ta'u - kolonii isaanii fageenyatti argamutti dabalatan.

Tumsaa (talk) 16:10, 19 Bitootessa 2015 (UTC)

More

Let's continue with "Colonisation of Africa". Could you please translate the following pieces of information?

Vincent Khapoya notes the great self-esteem some European states felt at possessing territory many times larger than themselves. He adds the significant contribution made by Africans to struggle among the great powers. He states that one million people of African descent fought for the Allies in World War One and two million in World War Two.

iinsenti Kapoya ofitti-amanamummaa guddaa biyyoonni Yuurooppi sababa kolonii ballinaan biyya isaanii dachaa baayyen caalu qabaniif isanitti dhaga'ame guddaadha jedha. Kana malees, wal-falmii biyyoota gurguddaa kana gidduu jiru irratti gumaacha guddaa akka isaan godhan kaasa. Dhalatoonni Afrikaa milyoona tokko ta'an Waraana Addunyaa Iffaarrati, miliyoona lama kan ta'an ammoo Waraana Addunyaa IIffaarratti warraa Allayis bukkee hiriirun hirmaataniru jedha.

Khapoya considers the colonisers' administrative styles. "The French, the Portuguese, the Germans and the Belgians exercised a highly centralised type of administration called 'direct rule.'" The British sought to rule by identifying local power holders and encouraging or forcing these to administer for the British Empire. This was indirect rule.

apoya tooftaa bulchiinsa koloneessitoota ilaalchise akkana jedha. "Firaansi, Poorchugaal, Jarmanii, fi Beeljiyeem tooftaa bulchiinsa kan giddu-galeessan too'atamu kan 'Qajeelton bulchuu' jedhu hordofu. Biriiten ammoo namootaa naannoo sanaa kan angoorra jiran fayyadamuun akka isaan Impaayera Biriitishiif bulchan jajjabeessun ykn dirqisiisun bulchite. Kunimmoo "Alkallattiin bulchuu" dha.

France ruled from France, appointing chiefs individuals without considering traditional criteria, but rather loyalty to France. France established two large colonial federations in Africa, French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa. France appointed officials, passed laws and had to approve any measures passed by colonial assemblies.

Firaansi, biyya Firaansirraa qajeelton bulchaa turte, kunis fedhii fi seera warra Afrikaa odoo hin eegin Firaansif amanamoo ta'uu isaanirratti qofa hundaa'un bulchitoota ramadaa turte. Firaansi Afrikaa keessatti federeeshinii kolonii guguddaa lama hundeessite, Afrikaa Dhihaa Fireenchi fi Iqquwaatoriyaal Afrikaa Fireenchi dha. Firaansi, angaawota ramaddi, seera baafti, akkasumas labsiin korri warra kolonii baase kamiyyuu Firaansin mirkanaa'uu qaba.

Tumsaa (talk) 14:50, 20 Bitootessa 2015 (UTC)

Thanks for your help. --Katxis100 (talk) 19:57, 19 Bitootessa 2015 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translte thsi

Local groups in German East Africa resisted German enforced labour and taxation. The Germans were almost driven out of the area in 1888.[14] A decade later the colony seemed conquered, though, "It had been a long drawn-out struggle and inland administration centres were in reality little more than a series of small military fortresses." In 1905, the Germans were astonished by a widely supported uprising. This resistance was at first successful. However, within a year, the insurgency was suppressed by reinforcing troops armed with machine guns. German attempts to seize control in Southwest Africa also produced ardent resistance which was very forcefully put down.[15]

Gareewwan ummataa Afrikaa Bahaa Jarman keessa jiran gibiraa fi hojii humnaa diqamaa morman. Jarmanoonni bara 1888titti guutummaan ari'amuuf qarreerra turan. Waggaa kudhan booda kolonii kun guutummaan qabatame, garuu "qabsoo dheeraa ture, akkasumas giddu-galli bulchiinsa kan kolonii keessaa buufata waraanaa xixiqqaa ture". Bara 1905tti, fincilli deeggarsa guddaa argate Jarmanoota mudata. Mormiin kun jalqabarratti milkaa'ee ture. Haa ta'u malee, waggaa tokko keessatti, fincillii kun loltuu qawwee maashinii hidhateen deeggaramee too'annoo jala oole. Yaali Jarmanoonni kibba-bahaa Afrikaa qabachuuf godhanis akkasuma mormii jabaan kan mudate yoo ta'u humna waraanatiin akka cabu godhame.

King Leopold II of Belgium called his vast private colony the Congo Free State. Effectively this meant those exploiting the area were free of all restraint and answerable only to the Belgian king.[16] The treatment of the Africans under this system was harsh enough to cause the other colonial powers to plead with the Belgian king to exercise some moderating influence. Eventually the Belgian government annexed the territory as a Belgian colony.[17]

Mootichi Beeljiyeem Liyoopooldi kolonii dhuunfaasaa bal'aa ta'e Mootummaa Bilisaa Koongoo jedhee moggaase. Kan jechuun, namoonni naannoo sana saaman bilisa jechuudha, kan isaan deebii kennaniifis Mootii Beeljiyeemif qofaafi. Ummanni Afrikaa sirna kana keessatti baayyee hacuuccamuurraan kan ka'e humnoonnii koloneessitootaa kan biroo mootiin Beeljiyem gidduu seenee akka tasgabbeessuf gaafatan. Boodarra mootummaan Beeljiyem nannicha akka kolonii Beeljiyemitti qabate.

Khapoya (pp. 134–143) notes the significant attention colonial powers paid to the economics of colonisation. This included: acquisition of land, often enforced labour, introduction of cash crops, sometimes even to the neglect of food crops, changing inter-African trading patterns of pre-colonial times, introduction of labourers from India, etc. and the continuation of Africa as a source of raw materials for European industry.[18] Colonial powers also focused on abolishing slavery, developing infrastructure and improving health and education.[19][20]

Kappooyyaa (ff. 134–143) humnoonni koloneeffattootaa bu'aa diinagdee koloneeffachuun isaanii kennuuf xiyyeeffannaa guddaa akka keennan dubbata. Kunis kan dabalatu: lafa qabachuu, hojii humna dirqamaa hojjisiisuu, midhaan daldalaa akka oomishan gochuu, yeroo tokko tokko hanga midhaan nyaataa oomishuun dagatamutti, warra Afrikaan sirna koloneeffamuun dura wajjin daldalan jijjiiruu, hojjattoota humnaa Indiyaarraa fiduu, fi kkf akkasumas Afrikaan Industirii Yuurooppif meeshaa dheedhii dhiyeessuu akka itti fuftu gochuudha. Humnoonnii koloneeffattootaa garbummaa balleessuu, bu'uurmisoomaa hojjachuu fi barnootaa fi fayyaa fooyyessuu irrattis xiyyeeffatanii turan.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis100 (talk) 11:20, 22 Bitootessa 2015 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

Decolonisation

Kolonii Jalaa Ba'uu

Vincent Khapoya (p. 148f) notes the significant resistance imperialist powers faced to their domination in Africa. Technical superiority enabled conquest and control. Pro-independence Africans recognised the value of European education in dealing with Europeans in Africa. Some Africans established their own churches. Africans also noticed the unequal evidences of gratitude they received for their efforts to support Imperialist countries during the world wars:[21]

Viinsentii Kaappoyaan (p. 148f) mormii guddaa humnoonni impeeriyaalistii yeroo Afrikaa gamboomsuf jedhan isaan muudate dubbata. Olaantummaan teknooloojii too'annoo jala glchuu fi gabroomsu isaan dandeessise. Afrikaanonni bilisa ba'uutti amanan ga'ee barnoonni Yuurooppi qabu hubatan. Afrikaanonni tokko tokko waldaa kiristaana mataa isaanii dhaabbatan. Afrikaanonni yeroo Waraana Addunyaa biyyoota Impeeriyaalistiitif gargaarsa godhaniif ragaan galataa isaanif kennamee kan warra kaanii wajjin walixxee akka hin taane hubatan.

Vincent Khapoya notes that while European imposed borders did not correspond to traditional territories, such new territories provided entities to focus efforts by movements for increased political voice up to independence. Among local groups so concerned were professionals such as lawyers and doctors, the petite bourgeoisie (clerks, teachers, small merchants), urban workers, cash crop farmers, peasant farmers, etc. Trade unions and other initially non political associations evolved into political movements.

Viinsenti Kaappoyaan daangan warri Yuurooppi kaa'an daangaa duraan ture wajjin tokko kan hin taane yoo ta'eyyuu, daangan haaran kun namoonni socho'anii ummata akka kakaasaniif carraa uume. Namoota kolonii keessa jiraatan keessa kan sochii godhan warra ogeessotaa akka abbootii seeraa fi doktoroota, warra burjaa xixiqqaa (barsiisota, daldaltoota xixiqqoo), hojjattoota magaalaa, oomishtoota midhaan gabaa, qonnaan bultoota, fi kkf dabalata. Dhaabbanni hojjattootaa fi dhaabonnii duraan siyaasaf hin turre hundi sochii siyaasaa keessa seenan.

Khapoya (p. 177f) describes the differences in gaining independence by British and French colonies. Britain sought to follow a process of gradual transfer of power. The French policy of assimilation faced some resentment, especially in North Africa.[22] Shillington (p. 380f) describes the granting of independence in March 1956 to Morocco and Tunisia to allow concentration on Algeria where there was a long (1954–1962) and bloody armed struggle to achieve independence.[23] Khapoya writes (p. 183) that when President de Gaulle in 1958 held a referendum in its African colonies on the issue, only Guinea voted for outright independence. Nevertheless in 1959 France amended the constitution to allow other colonies this option.

Kaappoyaan (p. 177f) akkaataa ittii kolonoonni Biriitenii fi Fireenchi bilisummaa argatan garaa gara ta'uu dubbata. Biriiten suuta suutan angoo dabarsitee kennuu hordofte. Himaammannii Fireenchi kan dhuunfachuu jedhu jibbatu isa mudate, keessattu Kaaba Afrikaatti. Shillington (p. 380f) Bitootessa 1956 Tuniiziyaa fi Morookodhaa bilisummaa kenname, kunimmoo Aljeeriyaa irratti xiyyeeffachuuf kan godhame ture. Aljeeriyaatti waraana bilisummaa dheera(1954-62) kan dhiiga baayyes dhangalaasetu geggeeffame. Kaappoyyaan yoo barreessu yeroo pirezidaantii Dii Gool kolonii Firaansi keessatti dhimma kanarratti rifireendemii geggeessu, Giinii qofatu battalumatti bilisummaa filate. Haa ta'u malee, bara 1959tti Firaansii heera mootummaa fooyyessuun kolonoota warra kaanif filannoo kana eeyyamteef.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis100 (talk) 15:38, 23 Bitootessa 2015 (UTC)

And the last part

As Shillington describes farmers in British East Africa were upset by attempts to take their land and to impose agricultural methods against their wishes and experience. In Tanganyika, Julius Nyerere exerted influence not only among Africans, united by the common Swahili language, but also on some White leaders whose disproportionate voice under a racially weighted constitution was significant. He became leader of an independent Tanganyika in 1961. In Kenya Whites had evicted African tenant farmers in the 1930s. Since the 40s there had been conflict. This intensified in 1952. By 1955 Britain had suppressed the revolt. By 1960 Britain accepted the principle of African majority rule. Kenya became independent three years later.

Akka Shilingiten ibsutti qonnaan bultoonni Biriitish Afrikaa Bahaa keessa jiraatan yaalii lafasaanii irraa fudhachuuf godhamee fi toofta qonnaa isaan hin barbaadne akka fayyadaman dirqisiifammuu isaanitiin baayyee haaran. Tangaanikaa keessatti, Juuliyes Nerereen Afrikaanota Siwaahilii dubbachuun tokko ta'an qofa osoo hin taane geggeessitoota warra diimaa (faranjii) heeraa sanyummaan guutame san keessatti sagalee jabaa qaban birattillee dhageettii guddaa qaba. Nerereen yeroo Tangaanikaan 1961tti bilisa baatu pirezidaantii ta'e. Keeniyaa keessatti, warri diiman qonnaan bultoota Afrikaa 1930n keessa lafa isaanirraa buqqisan. 1940n keessaa kaasee yeroo hunda lolatu jira ture. Kunimmoo bara 1952 itti cime. Bara 1955tti, Biriiten fincila kana dhaamsite. Bara 1960tti, Biriiten bulchiinsa warra baayyee Afrikaanotaa fudhatte. Waggaa sadi'i booda, Keeniyaan bilisa baate.

Shillington vividly portrays Belgium's initial opposition to independence, the demands by some urban Africans, the 1957 and 1958 local elections meant to calm this dissatisfaction, the general unrest that swept the colony, the rapid granting of independence and the civil strife that ensued.

Shilingten Beeljiyeem jalqaba bilisa ba'uu Afrikaa baayyee mormuushii, Afrikaanonnii magaalaa jiraatan gaaffii kaasuu, filannoon 1957 fi 1958 aarii kana qabbaneessuf godhamusaa, tasgabbii dhabuun kolonii kana guutummaa keessatti ka'uu, bilisumma atattamaan kennamuufii fi sanatti aanee mormiin waliinii ka'uu.

The main period of decolonisation in Africa began after World War II. Growing independence movements, indigenous political parties and trade unions coupled with pressure from within the imperialist powers and from the United States ensured the decolonisation of the majority of the continent by 1980. While some areas, in particular South Africa, retain a large population of European descent, only the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla and the islands of Réunion, the Canary Islands and Madeira remain under European control.

Afrikaanonni kolonii jalaa ariitidhaan kan ba'an Waraana Addunyaa II boodaa jalqabeeti. Sochiin bilisummaa baballachaa deemuu, dhaabni siyaasaa fi hojjattootaa Afrikaanootaa dhaabbachuu fi humnoota imperiyaalistiirratti dhiibban biyya keessaa baayyachuu akkasumas USA dhiibbaaa gochuun biyyoonni ardii Afrikaa baayyen hanga bara 1980tti bilisa akka ta'an godhe. Naanno muraasni, keessattuu Afrikaa Kibbaa, dhalattoota ummata diimaa yoo qabaataniyyuu, lafa biyya biraatin marfame Se'utaa fi Meelillaa fi Odoloota Riiyuuniyen, Odoloota Kanaarii fi Madeeraa qofatu too'annoo warra Yuurooppi jalatti hafe.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis100 (talk) 17:09, 27 Bitootessa 2015 (UTC)

I would like to propose Koloneeffamuu Afrikaa as a featured article. What do you think' --Katxis100 (talk) 16:14, 1 Caamsaa 2015 (UTC)

I think it is a good article. So, why not? Go ahead and make it a featured article. Tumsaa (talk) 16:48, 1 Caamsaa 2015 (UTC)

Article

Now we have the article about colonisation, could you please translate th following paragrph to finish the one on decolonisation?

Causes

Sababa

World War II saw many British African colonies support the Allies against the Axis powers with both military power and resources.[7][8] Many African colonies did not gain independence after the war.[citation needed] Imperial Japan's conquests in the Far East caused a shortage of raw materials such as rubber and various minerals. Africa was therefore forced to compensate for this shortage and greatly benefited from this change.[citation needed] Another key problem Western Europeans faced were the U-boats patrolling the Atlantic Ocean. This reduced and hindered the amount of raw materials that could be transported from African colonies to Europe.[9] As a result of the loss in trade, local industries in Africa became more prominent. Local industries in turn caused the creation of new towns, and existing towns to see a rise in economy and population. As urban community and industry grew so did trade unions. In addition to trade unions, urbanization brought about increased literacy, which allowed for pro-independence newspapers.

Waraanni Addunyaa II irratti kolonoonni Biriiten baayyen humnoota Allaayid humna waraanaa fi qabeenyaan deeggaranii warra Aaksisi lolaa turani. Kolonoonni Afrikaa baayyen waraana kana booda bilisa hin kennamneef. Impeeriyaalistiin Jaappaan Baha Fagoo qabachuunsaa hirrina meeshaa dheedhii kan akka gommaa fi albuudota adda addaa fide. Afikaan hiirina kana bakka buusuuf yoo dirqamtu jijjiirama kanarraas bu'aa guddaa argatte. Rakkoon biraa Awurrooppaanota Dhihaa mudate bidiruu-U kan Garba Atilaantiik to'achaa turedha. Kuni meeshaa dheedhii kolonii Afrikaarraa gara Awurooppaatti fe'amu hirrise ykn gufuu itti ta'e. Sababa daldalli gadi hirrate kanaaf, industiriin Afrikaa keessa jiru jajjabaachaa deeme. Industiriin Afrikaa keessa kun jajjabaachun ammoo magaalonni haaran akka uummaman, kan duraan jiran ammoo akka diingadee fi baayyinni ummata isaanii guddatu godhe. Akkuma ummanii magaalaa fi industriiin guddachaa deemen, waldoonni hoojattootaas baayyachaa deeme. Waldaa hojjatootaa kana bukkeetti, magaalomuun namoonni dubbisuu fi barreessuu danda'an akka guddatu godhe, kunimmoo gaazexoonni bilisummaa deeggaran akka dhaabbatan karaa bane.

Dates of independence of African countries

Bara ittii Biyyoonni Afrikaa Bilisooman

On February 12th, 1941, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met to discuss the postwar world. The result was the Atlantic Charter.[10] It was not a treaty and was not submitted to the British Parliament or the Senate of the United States for ratification, but it turned to be a widely acclaimed document.[11] One of the provisions, introduced by Roosevelt, was the autonomy of imperial colonies. After World War II, the US and the African colonies put pressure on Britain to abide by the terms of the Atlantic Charter. After the war, some British considered African colonies to be childish and immature; British colonizers introduced democratic government at local levels in the colonies.

Gurraandhala 12, 1941 pirezidaantin USA Firaankiliin D. Ruuzvelti fi muummichi ministeeraa Biriiten Winisten Charchil addunyaan waraana booda uummamtu maal akka fakkaattu dubbachuuf walga'an. Bu'aan walga'ii kanaas Chaarterii Atilaantilii ti. Wanti kun waliigaltee miti, Paarlaamaa Biriiteenitti ykn seneetii Yunaayitid Isteetisitti kan raggaasifamuuf hin kennamne, garuu dookimentii fudhatama bal'a argatedha. Waadaan tokko, kan Ruuzvelti itti galche, kolonoonni akka ofiin of bulchan kan jedhu ture. Waraana Addunyaa II booda, USA fi kolonoonni Afrikaa, Biriiten akka murtii Chaarterii Atilaantik kana kabajjuuf dhiibbaa godhan. Waraana booda, lammiin Biriiten tokko tokko kolonoonni Afrikaa kan hin bilchaatinii fi amala ijoollummaa akka qabnitti ilaalu turan; koloneessitoonni Biriiten bulchiinsa dimokiraatawaa kolonii keessatti amma gadiitti diriisan.

By the 1930s, the colonial powers had cultivated, sometimes inadvertently, a small elite of leaders educated in Western universities and familiar with ideas such as self-determination. These leaders came to lead the struggles for independence, and included leading nationalists such as Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya), Kwame Nkrumah (Gold Coast, now Ghana), Julius Nyerere (Tanzania), Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal), and Félix Houphouët-Boigny (Côte d'Ivoire).

Bara 1930tti, humnoonni koloneeffattootaa, yeroo tokko tokko odoo hin beekin, bulchiitota xiqqoo kan yuunivarsiitii biyyoota dhihaa keessatti baratanii fi waa'ee hiree ofii ofiin murteeffachuu hubatan aangoorra kaa'an. Bulchitoonni kun hooggantoota qabsoo bilisummaa ta'an, kunis kan akka Joomoo Keeniyaataa (Keeniyaa), Kiwaamee Inkiruumaa (Gooldi Koosti, amma Gaanaa), Juuliyees Nereeree (Tanzaaniyaa), Liyooppoldi Seedar Sengor (Senegaal) fi Filiiksi Hufeet Boonyii( Kootdivo’aar) dabalata.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis100 (talk) 22:12, 1 Caamsaa 2015 (UTC)

Once we've finished that articles, I don't know very well what to do, as there are a lot of articles that need to be created.

• The article on the Oromo migrations should be finished.

Agreed. I will edit it.

• There should be an article for each king of the Jimma Kingdom.

Agree. I will edit it.

• The article on the Oromos is very poor (history, geography and culture are not mentioned). This should be the general article.

Agree. I will edit it.

• There should be an article on the Borana calendar.

Even thought it may not be complete yet, I have created an article about Borena calendar in Englsih. I will try to translated that in to Afan Oromo.

• This article names a lot of Oromo games, which I think there should be added to this encyclopedia.

The web page contains the most common children or adult games of Oromo people. They are used as recreation as well as sports. When I get the necessary reference materials, I will try to create articles for each of them.

As you may see, I am more centred in Oromo- and African-related articles as this encyclopedia is directed towards Oromo speakers, which most of them live in Africa and I would like to avoid an Eurocentric point of view as much as possible.

I think the articles created up until now are mostly Oromo related or Ethiopia related. I believe there is no worry about it being Euro-centric for now. I will try prioritize and focus on Oromo first, then Ethiopia, then Africa and the rest of the world.

What's the maening of this and this?

The first one is a book related to Christian religion and it is about the Anti-Christ. The second one does not open here in Oromia because the Ethiopian government has blocked a lot of Oromo websites including ayyaantuu.com, Gadaa.com, opride.com, etc. So, I couldn't access that link.

--Katxis100 (talk) 23:29, 2 Caamsaa 2015 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate the following phrases?

• Outline of academic disciplines
• Natural history of Africa
• Languages of Africa

Thanks for your help. --Katxis100 (talk) 18:57, 14 Caamsaa 2015 (UTC)

Some of these phrases are difficult to translate because, as of now, they don't have any equivalent phrase/term in Afan Oromo (as far as I know). Afan Oromo is not yet developed enough to have many scientific terminologies. My attempt:

• Academic descipline - Damee Barnootaa
• Outline of academic disciplines - ??
• Languages of Africa - Afanoota Afrikaa

Tumsaa (talk) 10:52, 17 Caamsaa 2015 (UTC)

Translation

could you please translate these phrases?

• Transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations. Transport is important because it enables trade between persons, which is essential for the development of civilizations.
  • Geejjibni sochii namoonni, bineeldonnii fi shaqaxni iddoo tokkoo gara biraatti godhani. Akaakun geejjibaa qilleensa, daandii baaburaa, karaa konkolaataa, bishaan, funyoorra, ujummoo keessa fi hawaa keessa ta'uu mala. Dameen kun bu'uura-misoomaa, maashinoota geejjibaa fi bobbaatti addaan qoqqooddamuu danda'a. Geejjibni baayyee barbaachisaadha sababiinsaas daldali namoota gidduutti akka geggeeffamu gargaara, daldalli ammoo guddina qaroomatiif murteessadha.

• Art is a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities, usually involving imaginative or technical skill.
  • Aartiin hojii ilmaan namaa ballaa fi bu'aa hojiiwwan kanaa kan qabatudha, yeroo hedduu dandeetii yaaduu ykn ogumma harkaa qabata.

• Music is an art form whose medium is sound. Its common elements are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture.
  • Muuziqaan akaakuu aartii sagaleerratti hundaa'u.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis100 (talk) 09:48, 24 Caamsaa 2015 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate these phrases?

Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".

Bashannanni hojii yeroo boqonnaa ofii hojjatani. "Fedhiin bashannanaaf waan ta'e hojjachuu" fedhii bu'uuraa xinsammuu fi qaamaa ilma namaati. Hojiin bashannanaa yeroo baayyee gammachuuf, dinqisiifachuuf, ykn ittiin bo'aaruf jecha hojjatama.

A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial or administrative purposes. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years. A date is the designation of a single, specific day within such a system. Periods in a calendar (such as years and months) are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon. Many civilizations and societies have devised a calendar, usually derived from other calendars on which they model their systems, suited to their particular needs.

Dhahaan sirna ittiin guyyoota fedhii hawaasummaa, amantii, daldalaa ykn bulchiinsatiif akka mijatuuf qindeessani. Kunis yeroodhaf maqaa akka guyyaa, torban, ji'aa fi waggaa kennun raawwatama. Baatin, sirna kana keessatti guyyaa tokko addatti baasee agarsiisa. Wayitiin dhahaa keessaa (kan akka waggaa fi ji'aa) yeroo baayyee, dirqama yoo ta'uu baateyyuu, marsaa aduu ykn addeessaa wajjin qindaayee deema. Hawaasni fi qaroomni baayyen dhahaa kalaqaniiru, kunis yeroo baayyee dhahaa biraarraatti hundaa'ee fedhii hawaasichaaf akka ta'utti fooyyeffame kalaqame.

A clock is an instrument to indicate, keep, and co-ordinate time.

Sa'aatin meeshaa yeroo agarsiisu, lakkaa'uu fi tokkeessudha.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 10:20, 29 Caamsaa 2015 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate these phrases?

In the context of human society, a family (from Latin: familia) is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage), or co-residence and/or shared consumption (see Nurture kinship).

Hawaasa ilmaan namootaa keessatti, maatin garee namootaa kan dhalootan (firooma dhiigaa), firooman (karaa fuudhaa), ykn waliin jiraachun ummamedha.

Democracy is "a system of government in which all the people of a state or polity ... are involved in making decisions about its affairs, typically by voting to elect representatives to a parliament or similar assembly."

Dimokiraasin "sirna bulchiinsa mootummaa kan itti ummanni biyyattii ykn hawaasichaa...dhimmaa isaanirratti murtii mutrteessuu keessatti hirmaatanidha, kanas yeroo baayyee bakka bu'oota paarlaamaa ykn caffee walfakkaatutti filachuudhani godhu."

Diplomacy (from the Greek δίπλωμα, meaning making a deal with other countries) is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states. It usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to issues of peace-making, trade, war, economics, culture, environment, and human rights.

Dippilomaasin (jecha Giriik δίπλωμα, hiikansaa biyyoota biraa wajjin waliigaltee uumuu) ogummaa fi muuxannoo marii bakka bu'oota biyyootaa gidduutti gochuuti. Yeroo baayyee jechi kun dippilomaasii addunyaalessaa ibsa, kunis hariiroo addunyaalessaa dippilomaatota olaanoo gidduutti dhimma daldalaa, nageenyaa, waraanaa, diinagdee, aadaa, qilleensaa, fi mirga namaarratti mari'atani.

A government is the system by which a state or community is governed.

Mootummaan sirna biyyi tokko ykn hawaasni tokko ittiin bulfamudha.

Thanks for your help --Katxis (talk) 07:37, 1 Caamsa 2015 (UTC)

Translate

Could you please translate the following phrases?

Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, 1st Marqués de Dalí de Pubol (May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989), known as Salvador Dalí, was a prominent Spanish surrealist painter born in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain.

Salvaador Dominigoo Filiippi Jakinto Daalii i Dominik, Marqués de Dalí de Pubol 1ffaa (Caamsaa 11, 1904 – Amajjii 23, 1989), gabaabatti Salvaador Daalii jedhama, lammii Ispeen suura abjuu fakkaatu kan sirriyaalisti jedhamu kaasun beekkamu yoo ta'u Figeres, Katalooniyaa, Ispeen keessatti dhalate.

William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616)[nb 1] was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.

Wiiliyaam Sheekispiir(26 Ebla 1564 (cuuphame) – 23 Ebla 1616) waloo, barreessa diraamaa, fi taatoo lammii Ingilaandi; Sheekispiir akka barreessa Ingiliffaa isa guddichaa fi barreessa diraamaa kan qixxaataa hinqabneetti ilaallama.

Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs; 384 – 322 BC)[2] was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the Macedonian city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian.[3] At eighteen, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great starting from 343 BC.[4] According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "Aristotle was the first genuine scientist in history ... [and] every scientist is in his debt."[5]

Aristootil (Giriik: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs; 384 – 322 DhKD) saayintistii fi filoosofera Giriik yoo ta'u magaalaa Maqedooniyaa Isteejiraa, Chaldiis, qarqara kaabaa Giriik durii keessatti dhalate. Abbaansaa, Nikoomachus, yeroo Aristootil daa'ima ture du'e, kana booda Pirooksenus kan Eetarines guddistuusaa ta'e guddise. Umurii kudha-saddeetitti, Aristootil Akkaadaamii Pileetoo kan Ateensi keessa jiru gale, achi keessas amma umuriinsaa soddomii-torba ta'utti ture (347 DhKD). Barreeffamni Aristootil mataduree gara garaarratti barreeffame – fiiziksii, baayoloojii, zuwooloojii, meetaafiiziksii, yaayaa, safuu, aartii fi bareeda, walaloo, tiyaatira, wallee, xiinluga, siyaasaa fi mootummaa – kunis falaasama dhihaa kan guutuu ta'e kan jalqabaati. Pileeton erga du'ee yeroo gabaabaa booda, Aristootil Ateensi gadilakkise, gaaffii Filiippi kan Maqedooniyaatin, Aleeksaander Guddicha bara 343 DhKD kaasee barsiise. Akka Insaayikiloppidiya Biritaanikaan jedhutti "Aristootil saayintistii dhugaa kan jalqabaati... kanaafis saayintistiin kamirraayyuu oolmaa qaba"

Plato (Greek: Πλάτων Plátōn "broad"pronounced [plá.tɔːn] in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BCE) was a philosopher, as well as mathematician, in Classical Greece. He is considered an essential figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition, and he founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his teacher Socrates and his most famous student, Aristotle, Plato laid the foundations of Western philosophy and science.[2] Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato."[3]

Pileetoo ((Giriik: Πλάτων barreeffama duriirratti [pileetoon] jedhamee dubbifama; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 DhKD) filoosofera, akkasumas abbaa herregaa, kan Giriik duriiti. Guddina falaasamaa keessatti, keessattuu aadaa dhihaa keessatti, akka nama gumaacha olaanaa godheetti ilaallama. Pileeton akkaadaamii barnootaa Ateensi keessatti bane, kunis addunyaa dhihaa keessatti dhaabbata barnoota olaanaa kan jalqabaati. Barsiisaa isaa Soqiraaxis fi barataasaa beekkamaa Aristootil wajjin, Pileeton bu'uura falaasamaa fi saayinsii warra dhihaa dhaabe. Alfireed Noorzi Waayitheedi yeroo tokko akka jedhetti: "amalli baramaan falaasa Yuurooppi miiljalee Pileetoo ofirraa qabachuu dha".

Thanks for your help. I would like to have more vital articles created, even if they are just stubs. --Katxis (talk) 16:16, 7 Caamsa 2015 (UTC)

Translate

Could you please translate the following phrases?

Euclid was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry". His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics.

Yuukiliid abbaa-herregaa Giriikti, yeroo baayyee "Abbaa Ji'oomeetirii" jedhamee waammama. Barruulensaa kan Elementis jedhamu seenaa herrega keessatti hojiiwwan jijjiirrama gurguddaa fidan keessaa isa tokko. Tumsaa (talk) 08:39, 30 Adooleessa 2015 (UTC)

--Katxis (talk) 10:01, 23 Adooleessa 2015 (UTC)

Oromo is missing

Sorry to bother you here.

Oromo is missing from this page:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/There_is_also_a_Wikipedia_in_your_language
More than 100 languages are now listed.

Can you add 1 sentence?
Thank you, Varlaam (talk) 18:54, 16 Guraandhala 2016 (UTC)

Done. Thanks for reminding me. Tumsaa (talk)

Hi again!

Hi! How are you? I've been out for quite a long time. Hope everything has been fine here. I would like to ask you to translate the following text please.

Exploration of Africa: The geography of North Africa has been reasonably well known since classical antiquity in Greco-Roman geography. Northwest Africa (the Maghreb) was known as either Libya or Africa, while Egypt was considered part of Asia. The exploration of Sub-Saharan Africa begins with the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, pioneered by kingdom of posts along the coast while they were actively exploring and colonizing the New World. Exploration of the interior of Africa was thus mostly left to the Arab slave traders, who in tandem with the Muslim conquest of the Sudan established far-reaching networks and supported the economy of a number of Sahelian kingdoms during the 15th to 18th centuries. At the beginning of the 19th century, European knowledge of the geography of the interior of Sub-Saharan Africa was still rather limited. It was left for Victorian-era British explorers searching for the famed sources of the Nile, to flesh more detail such as the continent's geological makeup.

Thanks for your help. I will try to help here and there but I am quite busy this year. --Katxis (talk) 11:18, 5 Bitootessa 2016 (UTC)

Hi friend. Nice to see you back. I have been away for some time myself. Everything is fine here except I felt lonely a little bit hahaha (there is no other editor around in Oromo wiki).

Here is the translation:
Abuurraa Afrikaa: Ji'oogiraafin Kaaba Afrikaa bara duriitii kaasee ji'oogiraafii Giriikoo-Rooman keessatti sirriitti ni beekkama. Kaabni-dhiha Afrikaa (Maagiriib) maqaa Liibiyaa ykn ammoo Afrikaa jedhamuun beekkama, karaa biraa Ijiipti akka qaama Eeshiyaatti ilaallamti turte. Abuurraan Afrikaa Sahaaraa-gadii Bara Abuurraa jaarraa 15ffaatti jalqabe, kunis baayyinaan mootummoota naannoo qarqara galaanaa jiranirratti kan murtaa'e yoo ta'u yeroon kunis yeroo Addunyaa Haaraa itti abuuranii fi gabroomsan ture. Kanaaf, abuurraan keessoo Afrikaa Araboota daldalaa garbaarratti hirmaataniif dhiifame. Kunis Islaamotaan gabroomfamuu Sudaan wajjin walqabatee cimdaa lafa fagoo ga'u hundeessun jaarraa 15ffaa hanga 18ffaa dinagdee mootummoota Saahel hedduu deeggaraa ture. Jalqaba jaarraa 19ffaatti, beekkumsi warri Yuurooppi ji'oogiraafii keessoo Afrikaa Sahaaraa-gadiirratti qaban baayyee murtaa'aa ture. Ji'ooloojii Afrikaa ballinaan qorachuun, abuurtota Biriitish kan bara-Viiktooriyaa kan maddaa laga beekkamaa ta'e Naayil barbaadaa turaniif dhiifame.

Let's keep adding more information

I will try to come more around here so that we can improve this Wikipedia. It is number 249 by the number of articles (704). Let's try to have more articles and quality ones as well. Could you please translate this?

I agree that more articles are needed. I will try my best to be online when I am free to create more articles or edit existing ones. I would like to thank you for helping me here. Tumsaa (talk)

(For Exploration of Africa article)

• Arab slave trade - Daldala garbaa Arabaa
• Early Portuguese expeditions: Imala Poorchugaal kan jalqabaa
• Early Modern history - Seenaa ammayyaa kan duraa
• Portuguese - Afaan Poorchugaal (for the language), lammii Poorchugaal (for the person)
• Dutch - Daachi
• Other early modern European presence -
• The 19th century - Jaarraa 19ffaa
• List of explorers - Tarree abuurtotaa
• 15th century - Jaarra 15ffaa
• Early modern - Ammayyaa jalqabaa
• 19th century - Jaarraa 19ffaa
• The beginning of 20th century - Jalqaba jaarraa 20ffaa

(For Scramble for Africa article)

• Background - Seenaa Duubaa
• Causes - Sababoota
• Africa and global markets - Afrikaa fi gabaa addunyaa
• Early Muslim conquests - Gabroomsa Musliimotaa kan duraa
• Strategic rivalry - Waldorgommii tarsiimoo
• Germany's Weltpolitik - Veeltipolitiikii Jarmanii
• Italy's expansion - Baballachuu Xaaliyaanii
• Crises prior to the First World War - Sagli Waraana Addunyaa Tokkoffaa duraa
• Colonization of the Congo - Gita bitamuu Koongoo
• Suez Canal - Suwiiz Kanaal
• Berlin Conference (1884–85) - Kora Barliin (1884–85)
• Britain's administration of Egypt and South Africa
• Moroccan Crisis - Sagli Morookkoo (?)
• Dervish resistance - Mormii Darvishootaa
• Herero Wars and the Maji-Maji Rebellion - Waraana Hareeroo fi Fincila Maji-Majii
• Colonial encounter - Muudannoo gita bittaa
• Colonial consciousness and exhibitions
• Colonial lobby -
• Colonial propaganda and jingoism - Holola gita bittaa fi of tuulummaa
• Colonial exhibitions - Agarsiisa gita bittaa
• Countering disease - Dhukkuba ittisuu
• Colonialism leading to World War I - Gita bittaa Waraana Addunyaa I duraa

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 11:40, 10 Bitootessa 2016 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

The Portuguese were the first post-Middle Ages Europeans to firmly establish settlements, trade posts, permanent fortifications and ports of call along the coast of the African continent, from the beginning of the Age of Discovery, during the 15th century. There was little interest in, and less knowledge of, the interior for some two centuries thereafter.

Warri Porchugaal biyya Yuurooppii kan Bara Giddugaleessa booda jalqaba qarqara galaana ardii Afrikaatti iddoo qubsumaa, buufata daldalaa, dawoo waraanaa dhaabbataa fi buufata doonii dhaabanidha. Kunis, Bara Abuurraa keessa jaarraa 15ffaatii kaaseti. Sana booda jaarraa lamaaf, beekkumsi keessoo Afrikarratti qabanii fi fedhiin beekuf qabaniis xiqqaa ture.

European exploration of the African interior began in earnest at the end of the 18th century. By 1835, Europeans had mapped most of northwestern Africa. In the middle decades of the 19th century, the most famous of the European explorers were David Livingstone and H. M. Stanley, both of whom mapped vast areas of Southern Africa and Central Africa. Arduous expeditions in the 1850s and 1860s by Richard Burton, John Speke and James Grant located the great central lakes and the source of the Nile. By the end of the 19th century, Europeans had charted the Nile from its source, traced the courses of the Niger, Congo and Zambezi Rivers, and realized the vast resources of Africa.

Qorannoon Yuurooppanonni keessoo Afirkaarratti godhan gara dhuma jaarraa 18ffaa keessa jalqabe. Bara 1835tti, warri Yuurooppi kaaba-lixa Afrikaa baayyeesaa qoratanii kaartas kaasaniiru. Gara giddu galeessa jaarraa 19ffaa keessa, qorattoota Yuurooppi kan baayyee beekkamoo ta'an Deevid Liiviingistoon fi H. M. Istaanlii yoo ta'an isaanis kaartaa kibba Afrikaa fi Giddugaleessa Afrikaa hedduu kaasan. Imala ulfaataa bara 1850n fi 1860n keessa Riichaard Bartan, Joon Ispeek fi Jeemsi Giraant geggeessan, haroowwaan giddugaleessa gurguddaa fi madda Naayil argatan. Dhuma jaarraa 19ffaa keessa, warri Yuurooppi kaartaa laga Naayil maddasaarraa jalqabee kaasaniiru, boqoqa lagni Niijer, Koongoo fi Zaambeezii keessa yaa'u argataniiru, akkasumas qabeenya guddaa Afrikaan akka qabdu hubataniiru.

Even as late as the 1870s, European states still controlled only ten percent of the African continent, all their territories being near the coast. The most important holdings were Angola and Mozambique, held by Portugal; the Cape Colony, held by the United Kingdom; and Algeria, held by France. By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent of European control.

Hanguma bara 1870n keessattillee, mootummoonni Yuurooppi ardii Afrikaa dhibbantaa kudhan qofa qabatan, kunis baayyensaa qarqara galaanaati. Kan qabataman gurguddoo keessaa Angoolaa fi Moozaambiik, kan Poorchugaalin qabaman; Keeppi Kolonii, kan Ingilaandin qabame; fi Aljeeriyaa kan Firaansin qabame. Bara 1914tti, Itoophiyaa fi Laayibeeriyaa qofatu gita bittaa Yuurooppi jala hingalle.

Technological advancement facilitated overseas expansionism. Industrialisation brought about rapid advancements in transportation and communication, especially in the forms of steam navigation, railways, and telegraphs. Medical advances also were important, especially medicines for tropical diseases. The development of quinine, an effective treatment for malaria, enabled vast expanses of the tropics to be accessed by Europeans.

Guddinni teeknolooojii lafa ormaa qabachurratti guddaa gumaacheeraa. Baballinni industirii dagaagina geejjibaa fi walqunnamtii fide, keessattuu bidiruu danfaan deemu, baabura, fi telegiraafii irratti. Guddinni saayinsii fayyaas akkasuma murteessaa ture, keessattu dhukkuboota tirooppiiksii keessatti. Kalaqamuun kuniinii, kan dhukkuba busaa yaaluuf gargaaru, warri Yuurooppi lafa tirooppikaalaa Afrikaa hedduu keessa seenuf isaan gargaare.

Thanks for you help. --Katxis (talk) 14:44, 13 Bitootessa 2016 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

Sorry, some of these terminologies are difficult to translate into Afan Oromo. So, I skipped the difficult ones.

David Livingstone, early explorer of the interior of Africa and fighter against the slave trade.

Deevid Liivingistoon, qorataa keessoo Afrikaa kan jalqabaa fi daldala garba nama mormu

The Rhodes Colossus, an 1892 caricature of Cecil Rhodes after announcing plans for a telegraph line from Cape Town to Cairo. For Punch by Edward Linley Sambourne.

Contemporary illustration of Major Marchand's trek across Africa in 1898

Slaves captured from the Congo aboard an Arab slave ship intercepted by the Royal Navy (1869). One of the chief justifications for the colonization of Africa was the suppression of the slave trade.

Garboonni Koongoo keessaa butamanii dhufan kan bidiruu garbootaa warra Arabaa keessa turan Humna Bishaanii Biriteenin karaatti qabame (1869). Sirrummaa gita bittaatif ragaan dhiyeessan inni guddaan daldala garbaa dhaabsiisuu kan jedhu ture.

The Askari colonial troops in German East Africa, circa 1906

Loltoota Askaarii Afrikaa Bahaa Jarman keessatti, naannoo 1906

This scene from an Ethiopian painting depicts the Ethiopian triumph against Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa. The Italo-Ethiopian War of 1895–96 distinguished Ethiopia as the only African state to maintain independence in the 19th century with a decisive show of force. The conquest of Ethiopia, which had remained the last African independent territory, occurred in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War in 1935–36

Suurri harkaan kaafame kun Itoophiyaan Waraana Aduwaarratti injifannoo Xaaliyaanirratti galmeessite agarsiisa. Lolli Ixaaloo-Itoophiya kan 1895-96 Itoophiyaan biyya Afrikaa keessaa jaarra 19ffatti gita bittoota humnaan deebisuun bilisummaan turte kan dhumaa akka taatu godhe. Itoophiyaa, biyya Afrikaa keessa bilisa turte kan dhumaa, qabachuun Waraana Ixaaloo-Itoophiya kan 1935-36 irratti raawwatame.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 15:39, 14 Bitootessa 2016 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

Sub-Saharan Africa, one of the last regions of the world largely untouched by "informal imperialism", was also attractive to Europe's ruling elites for economic, political and social reasons. During a time when Britain's balance of trade showed a growing deficit, with shrinking and increasingly protectionist continental markets due to the Long Depression (1873–96), Africa offered Britain, Germany, France, and other countries an open market that would garner them a trade surplus: a market that bought more from the colonial power than it sold overall.

Afrikaan Sahaaraa-gadii, naannoo addunyaa kan "imeeriyaalizimii alidileen" hintuqamne kan dhumaa, bulchitoota Yuuroppif sababa diinagdee, siyaasaa fi hawaasummaan hawwataa ture. Yeroo daldalli Biriiteen hirrina agarsiisaa deeme, gabaa Yuurooppi kan sababa Dippireeshinitin (1873–96) xiqqaachaa deemee fi kan huggurri itti baayyachaa deemee, biyyoota akka Biriiten, Jarmanii, Firaansi, fi biyyoota biraaf Afrikaan gabaa gaarii ta'eef: gabaa humnoota gita bittaarraa waan baayye bitu garuu kan itti gurguru baayyee kan hinqabne.

In addition, surplus capital was often more profitably invested overseas, where cheap materials, limited competition, and abundant raw materials made a greater premium possible. Another inducement for imperialism arose from the demand for raw materials unavailable in Europe, especially copper, cotton, rubber, palm oil, cocoa, diamonds, tea, and tin, to which European consumers had grown accustomed and upon which European industry had grown dependent. Additionally, Britain wanted the southern and eastern coasts of Africa for stopover ports on the route to Asia and its empire in India.

Dabalataan, kaappitaalli dabalataa yeroo baayyee biyya alaatti investii yoo godhame irra bu'aa qaba, kunis meeshaalee bushoon, dorgommii xiqqaa fi meeshaa dheedhii hedduun jiraachun bu'aa olaana argamsiisa. Kan biraa kan impeeriyaalizimii amansiise tokko fedhii meeshaa dheedhii Yuurooppi keessa hin jirre keessattuu koopperii, jirbii, gommaa, zayitii paalmii, koko'aa, daayimendii, shayii, fi tiinii kan fayyadamtoonni Yuurooppi baayyinaan fayyadamuu jalqaban fi kan indastiriin Yuurooppi irratti hirkatu ture. Dabalataan, Biriiten qarqara galaanaa kibba fi baha Afrikaa qabachuu barbaadde, kunis gara Eeshiyaa fi impaayerashii kan Indiyaa yeroo deemtu, buufata bidiruu itti dhaaban akka ta'uufi.

However, in Africa – excluding the area which became the Union of South Africa in 1910 – the amount of capital investment by Europeans was relatively small, compared to other continents. Consequently, the companies involved in tropical African commerce were relatively small, apart from Cecil Rhodes's De Beers Mining Company. Rhodes had carved out Rhodesia for himself; Léopold II of Belgium later, and with considerable brutality, exploited the Congo Free State. These events might detract from the pro-imperialist arguments of colonial lobbies such as the Alldeutscher Verband, Francesco Crispi and Jules Ferry, who argued that sheltered overseas markets in Africa would solve the problems of low prices and over-production caused by shrinking continental markets.

Haa ta'u malee, Afrikaa keessatti – naannoo bara 1910tti Tokkummaa Kibba Afrikaa ta'e odoo hin dabalatin – kaapitaalli warra Yuurooppin investii godhame kan warra kaanitti yoo madaalamu xiqqaadha. Sababa kanaaf, kaampaanonni daldala Afrikaa tiropikaala irratti hirmaatan ija warra kaanin yoo laallamu xiqqaadha, kan Kaampaanii Albuuda Baasu Cecil Rhodes's De Beers alatti. Roodes Roodeeshiyaa mataa isaatif qabate; mootin Beeljiyeem Liyooppooldi II boodara gara jabummaa guddaadhan Koongoo saame. Wantoonni akkasii kun deeggartoota Impeeriyaalizimii kan turan kan akka Alldeutscher Verband, Francesco Crispi fi Jules Ferry jalaa ragaa ittiin gaarummaa impeeriyaalizimii amansiisan dhabsiisa, jarri kun gabaan Afrikaa rakkoo gatiin xiqqaachuu fi humnaa ol omishuu industirootaa kan ardii Yuurooppi keessaatti gabaan xiqqaachun dhufe hambisa jedhanii mormu.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 13:14, 16 Bitootessa 2016 (UTC)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

The rivalry between Britain, France, Germany, and the other European powers accounts for a large part of the colonization. While tropical Africa was not a large zone of investment, other overseas regions were. The vast interior between the gold and diamond-rich Southern Africa and Egypt had strategic value in securing the flow of overseas trade. Britain was under political pressure to secure lucrative markets against encroaching rivals in China and its eastern colonies, most notably India, Malaya, Australia and New Zealand. Thus, securing the key waterway between East and West – the Suez Canal – was crucial. However, the prominent theory proposed by William L. Langer in Imperial Diplomacy (1935), and Ronald Robinson and John Andrew Gallagher in Africa and the Victorians (1961) which suggested that Britain annexed East Africa in the 1880-90s out of geo-strategic concerns connected to the Nile Valley and Britain's position in Egypt - and by extension the sea-route to India via the Suez Canal - was challenged by John Darwin in 1997, a refutation that was further contextualized and consolidated by Jonas F. Gjersø in 2015.

Wal morkiin Biriiten, Firaansi, Jarmanii fi biyyoota Yuurooppi biraa gidduu ture sirna gita bittaatif sababa guddaa ture. Afrikaan tirooppikaalaa godina investimentii guddaa ta'uu baatus, naannowan biraa garuu iddoo investimentii turan. Keesson Afrikaa bal'aan Afrikaa Kibbaa kan daayimendiin badhaatee fi Ijiipti kan warqeen badhaate gidduu jiru daldala biyya alaa mirkaneessuu keessatti ga'ee waan tabatuuf shoora tarsiimawaa qaba. Biriiten gabaa guddaa Chaayinaa fi koloniishii kan bahaa, keessattuu Indiyaa, Malaayaa, Awustireeliyaa fi Niwuu Zilaandi, keessa jiru morkitootashii dura qabachuuf dhiibbaa siyaasaa keessa turte. Kanaaf, karaa bishaaniirraa kan bahaa fi dhiha walqunnamsiisu - Kanaalii Suwiiz - qabachuun murteessaa ture. Haa ta'u malee, tiyoorin beekkamaan kan Wiiliiyaam L. Laanger Imperial Diplomacy (1935) keessatti dhiyeesse, Roonaaldi Roobinsen fi Joon Andiree Galaager Africa and the Victorians (1961) keessatti dhiyeessanii fi kan Biriiten Afrikaa Bahaa bara 1880-90nitti sababa yaaddoo tarsiimawaa Laga Naayilii fi Ijiipti waan bulchituuf qabdurraa kaatee qabatte jedhu - achumaan karaa garbarraa gara Indiyaa geessu Suwiiz Kanaaal qabatte jedhu - kana Joon Daarwin bara 1997 morme. Mormiin kunis Joonaas F. Gjersøtiin bara 2015tti irra caala jabeeffame.

Slaves captured from the Congo aboard an Arab slave ship intercepted by the Royal Navy (1869). One of the chief justifications for the colonization of Africa was the suppression of the slave trade. The Scramble for African territory also reflected a concern for the acquisition of military and naval bases, for strategic purposes and the exercise of power. The growing navies, and new ships driven by steam power, required coaling stations and ports for maintenance. Defense bases were also needed for the protection of sea routes and communication lines, particularly of expensive and vital international waterways such as the Suez Canal. Colonies were also seen as assets in "balance of power" negotiations, useful as items of exchange at times of international bargaining. Colonies with large native populations were also a source of military power; Britain and France used large numbers of British Indian and North African soldiers, respectively, in many of their colonial wars. In the age of nationalism there was pressure for a nation to acquire an empire as a status symbol; the idea of "greatness" became linked with the sense of duty underlying many nations' strategies.

Garboonni Koongoo keessaa butaman bidiruu garboota kan Arabaa irratti Humna Galaanaa Biriitenin qabaman (1869).

Lafa Afrikaa qabachuuf ariifachuun buufata waraanaa fi buufata humna galaanaa qabachuurrattis mul'atera, kunis kaayyoo tarsiimoo fi humna agarsiisuf ture. Humni galaana guddachaa deemee fi bidiruuwwan haaran humna danfaatin deeman bakka itti dhagaa cilee naqatanii fi buufata itti suphaman barbaadu turan. Buufanni waraanaas karaa galaanarraa fi sarara walqunnamii eegufis barbaachisaa ture, keessattuu karaa bishaanirraa kan murteessaa ta'ee fi mi'aa ta'e kan akka Kanaalii Suwiiz. Koloniin "madaallii humnaa" keessatti akka qabeenyaatti ilaallamu, akka meeshaa yeroo walii galtee uuman walii kennaniitti itti fayyadamu. Kolonoonni ummata dhalataa biyya sanaa baayyee qaban madda humna waraanaati; Biriiten dhalattoota Indiyaa baayyee waraanagita bittaaf geggessiterratti akka loltootaatti itt fayyadamte, Firaansi ammoo dhalattoota Kaaba Afrikaa hedduu fayyadamte. Bara sabboonummaa keessa, biyyoonnii impaayera akka mallattoo guddina isaanii ittiin agarsiisaniif impaayera qabachuuf dhiibbaa keessa turan; yaadni "guddaa" ta'uus biyyoonni akka impaayera godhataniif akka dirqamaatti tarsiimoosaanii keessatti baasutti geesse.

In the early 1880s, Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza was exploring the Kingdom Of Kongo for France, at the same time Henry Morton Stanley explored it in on behalf of Léopold II of Belgium, who would have it as his personal Congo Free State (see section below). France occupied Tunisia in May 1881, which may have convinced Italy to join the German-Austrian Dual Alliance in 1882, thus forming the Triple Alliance. The same year, Britain occupied Egypt (hitherto an autonomous state owing nominal fealty to the Ottoman Empire), which ruled over Sudan and parts of Chad, Eritrea, and Somalia. In 1884, Germany declared Togoland, the Cameroons and South West Africa to be under its protection; and France occupied Guinea. French West Africa (AOF) was founded in 1895, and French Equatorial Africa in 1910.

Jalqaba 1880n keessa, Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza mootummaa Koongoo Firaansif jedhee qorachaa ture, yeroodhuma sana Henry Morton Stanley ammoo mootii Beeljiyem Liyooppooldi II bakka bu'ee qorachaa ture. Liyooppooldi II akka qabeenya dhuunfaasaatti Koongoo Firii Isteet jedhee qabate. Firaansi Tuniiziyaa Caamsaa 1881 qabatte, kunis Xaaliyaanin michooma Jarman-Awustiriyaatti 1882 akka makamtu amansiisuu hin oole. Baruma sana, Biriiten Ijiipti (hanga sanatti kan bilisa turte garuu kan Impaayera Otomaanif amanamtuu turte) qabatte, Ijiipti yeroo sana Sudaanii fi gartokkee Chaad, Eertiraa fi somaaliyaa bulchaa turte. Bara 1884, Jarmaniin Toogoolaandi, Kaameruun fi Kibba Afrikaa Dhihaa akka too'annooshii jala jiran beeksifte; Firaansi Giinii qabatte. Afrikaan Dhihaa Fireench 1895tti bu'uureffame, akkasumas Fireenchi Equwaatowiyaal Afrikaan bara 1910tti bu'uuressan.

Thanks for your help. --Chabi (talk) 15:15, 20 Bitootessa 2016 (UTC)

In the medieval period, the exploration of the interior of the Sahara and the Sahel as well as along the Swahili coast as far as Mozambique was the project of Muslim conquests and slave trade. It was at Mozambique that the Arab "clockwise" and the Portuguese "counter-clockwise" routes of exploration would meet at the end of the 15th century.

Bara Giddu-galeessa keessa, keessoo Sahaaraa fi Saahel akkasumas qarqara bishaanii Siwaahilii hanga Moozambiikitti qorachuun pirojektii wara Islaamaa ture, kunis gitta bittaa fi daldala garbaatifi yaaddame. Moozambiik keessatti daandin abuurraa kan Porchugaalii fi kan Araboota walitti dhufe.

Translation

Could you please translate this?

Following its 8th-century conquest of North Africa, Arab Muslims ventured into Sub-Saharan Africa first along the Nile Valley towards Nubia, and later also across the Sahara towards West Africa. They were interested in the trans-Saharan trade, especially in slaves. This expansion of Arab and Islamic culture was a gradual process, lasting throughout most of the Middle Ages. The Christian kingdoms of Nubia came under pressure from the 7th century, but they resisted for several centuries. The Kingdom of Makuria and Old Dongola collapsed by the beginning of the 14th century. A significant role in the spread of Islam in Africa was taken by Sufi orders during the 9th to 14th centuries, who spread south along trade routes between North Africa and the sub-Saharan kingdoms of Ghana and Mali. On the West African coast, they set up zawiyas on the shores of the River Niger. The Mali Empire became Islamic following the pilgrimage of Musa I of Mali in 1324. Timbuktu became an important center of Islamic culture south of the Sahara. Alodia, the last remnant of Christian Nubia, was destroyed by the Funj in 1504.

Erga Kaaba Afrikaa qabatanii booda, Araboonni Muslima ta'an Afrikaa Sahaaraa-gadii sulula Laga Naayil hordofuun gara Nuubiyaatti, boodarras Sahaaraa qaxxaamuruun gara Afrikaa Dhihaatti deeman. Jarri kun daldara Sahaaraa-qaxxaamuru keessatti hirmaachuu barbaadu ture, keessattuu daldala garbaa. Baballinnii aadaa Arabaa fi Islaamaa kun kan dhawaataa dhufe yoo ta'u kunis Bara Giddugaleessa keessa ture. Mootummaan Kiristaanaa kan Nuubiyaa jaarraa 7ffaa dhiibbaa keessa seente, garuu jaarraa hedduudhaf faccisan. Motummaan Makuriyaa fi Dongoolaa Durii jalqaba jaarraa 14ffaa keessa kufani. Amantii Islaamaa Afrikaa keessatti baballisuu keessatti shoora guddaa kan tabate warra Suufii yoo ta'u yeroonsaas jaarraa 9ffaa hanga 14ffaatti; kunis daandii daldalaa Kaaba Afrikaa fi mootummoota Sahaaraa-gadii Gaanaa fi Maalii gidduu jiru hordofuun babal'ate. Afrikaa Dhihaatti, qarqara Laga Niijeritti zaawiyya dhaaban. Impaayerri Maalii Muusaa I bara 1324 sagadaaf Makkaa erga dhaqee booda Islaama taate. Timbuktuun wiirtuu aadaa Islaamaa Sahaaraa-gadii guddaa taate. Aloodiyaan, iddoo kan dhumaa kan Nuubiyaa Kiristaanaa kan turte, bara 1504tti Funjiin barbadoofte.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 08:49, 23 Bitootessa 2016 (UTC)

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Could you please translate this? Germany was hardly a colonial power before the New Imperialism period, but would eagerly participate in this race. Fragmented in various states, Germany was only unified under Prussia's rule after the 1866 Battle of Sadowa and the 1870 Franco-Prussian War. A rising industrial power close on the heels of Britain, Germany began its world expansion in the 1880s. After isolating France by the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary and then the 1882 Triple Alliance with Italy, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck proposed the 1884–85 Berlin Conference, which set the rules of effective control of a foreign territory. Weltpolitik (world policy) was the foreign policy adopted by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890, with the aim of transforming Germany into a global power through aggressive diplomacy, the acquisition of overseas colonies, and the development of a large navy.

Jarmaniin Bara Impeeriyaalizimii Haaraa dura humna koloneefattu hin turre, garuu siyaa'inaan dorgommii kana keessatti hirmaatte. Mootummoota baayyetti ciccittee kan turte Jarmaniin, bulchaa Piraashiyaa jalatti Lola Sadowaa kan bara 1866 fi Waraana Firaankoo-Piraashiyaa kan 1870 booda tokkoomte. Humna industirii guddachaa jiru kan taate Jarmaniin, baballachuu bara 1880n keessa jalqabde. Michooma garee-lamaa Oostiriyaa-Hangaarii wajiniitinii fi ittaansee Michooma garee-sadi'ii Xaaliyaanii waliinitiin erga Firaansi qophaatti ambisee booda, Otoo Voon Bismaarki Kora Barliin 1884-85 akka geggeeffamuuf yaada dhiyeesse; korri kun seera ittiin lafa ormaa qabatanii fi too'atan baase. Weltpolitik (himaammata addunyaa) himaammata biyya alaa Kaaayizer Viilheelmi II bara 1890 baasedha, kaayyonsaas karaa dippilomaasii cimaa, lafa gitta bittaa qabachuu fi humna bishaanii guddaa ijaarun Jarmanii humnootaa addunyaa keessa tokko gochuu ture.

Some Germans, claiming themselves of Friedrich List's thought, advocated expansion in the Philippines and Timor; others proposed to set themselves in Formosa (modern Taiwan), etc. At the end of the 1870s, these isolated voices began to be relayed by a real imperialist policy[citation needed], backed by mercantilist thesis. In 1881, Hübbe-Schleiden, a lawyer, published Deutsche Kolonisation, according to which the "development of national consciousness demanded an independent overseas policy".[11] Pan-germanism was thus linked to the young nation's imperialist drives[citation needed]. In the beginning of the 1880s, the Deutscher Kolonialverein was created, and got its own magazine in 1884, the Kolonialzeitung. This colonial lobby was also relayed by the nationalist Alldeutscher Verband. Generally, Bismarck was opposed to widespread German colonialism, but he had to resign at the insistence of the new German Emperor Wilhelm II on 18 March 1890. Wilhelm II instead adopted a very aggressive policy of colonization and colonial expansion.

Jarmanoonni tokko tokko, lafa Filippiinsii fi Tiimor qabachuu deeggaran; kaan ammoo Formosaa (Taayiwaan ammaa), kkf akka qabatamaniif yaada dhuyeessan. Dhuma 1870n keessa, yaadonni namoota muraasan dhiyaatan kun himammata impeeriyaalistii baasun guddatan, fedhii daldalaan deeggaramee. 1881tti, Hübbe-Schleiden, ogeessa seera kan ture, kitaaba Deutsche Kolonisation maxxanse, kitaabni kunis "sabboonummaan biyya keessaa guddachuun himaammata biyya alaa haaraa barbaachisaa godhe" jedha. Jarmanii-leellisuun fedhii impeeriyaalizimii biyya haaraa kanaa waliin walitti hidhata. Jalqaba 1880n keessa, Deutscher Kolonialverein uummame, bara 1884ttii barruu mataasaa Kolonialzeitung dhaabbate. Dhiibban gita bittaa qabachuuf godhamu kun sabboonaa kan ture lldeutscher Verband dubbatamaa ture. Walumaa galatti, Biismaarki gitta bittaa babal'aa akka Jarmaniin qabaattu hin deeggaru ture, garuu bara Bitootessa 18, 180tti mooti Jarmanii haaraa Viilheelmi IItin akka aangoo gadi lakkisu dirqisiifame. Viilheelmi IIn himaammata gitta bittummaa fi lafa ormaa qabachuu sadarkaa olaanadhaan hojiirra oolche.

Germany's expansionism would lead to the Tirpitz Plan, implemented by Admiral von Tirpitz, who would also champion the various Fleet Acts starting in 1898, thus engaging in an arms race with Britain. By 1914, they had given Germany the second largest naval force in the world (roughly 40% smaller than the Royal Navy). According to von Tirpitz, this aggressive naval policy was supported by the National Liberal Party rather than by the conservatives, implying that imperialism was supported by the rising middle classes.[12]

Baballachuun Jarmanii gara Tirpitz Planitti geesse, kunis Admiral von Tirpitz hojiirra oole. Namni kun 1898 kaasee Fleet Acts adda addaa deeggaraa ture, kunis dorgommii meeshaa waraana Biriiten wajjin gochuutti geesse. Bara 1914tti, Jarmaniin humana bishaaniirraa addunyarratti kan sadarkaa lammaffaa qabatu akka qabaattu godhe (dhibbantaa 40%n kana Biriteenii gadi kan ta'e). Akka von Tirpitz jedhutti, himaammannii humna bishaanirraa muddaan kun warra duubatti harkifatoon odoo hin taane National Liberal Party kan deeggaramu ture, kunis impeeriyaalizimiin namoota jireenyan giddu-galeessaa kan baayyachaa turaniin akka deeggaramaa ture agarsiisa.

Germany became the third largest colonial power in Africa. Nearly all of its overall empire of 2.6 million square kilometres and 14 million colonial subjects in 1914 was found in its African possessions of Southwest Africa, Togoland, the Cameroons, and Tanganyika. Following the 1904 Entente cordiale between France and the British Empire, Germany tried to isolate France in 1905 with the First Moroccan Crisis. This led to the 1905 Algeciras Conference, in which France's influence on Morocco was compensated by the exchange of other territories, and then to the Agadir Crisis in 1911. Along with the 1898 Fashoda Incident between France and Britain, this succession of international crises reveals the bitterness of the struggle between the various imperialist nations, which ultimately led to World War I.

Jarmanoonni Afrikaa keessatti humna koloneeffata guddaa sadaffaa ta'an. Impaayerri isaanii kan iskuweer kiilomeetirii miliyoona 2.6 ta'uu fi ummanni miliyoona 14 ta'u kan isaan gabroomsan irra caalaa Afrikaa keessatti Kibba-lixa Afrikaa, Toogoolaandi, Kaameruun fi Tagaanikaa keessatti argama. Entente cordiale 1904 kan impaayera Biriitenii fi Firaansi gidduutti godhametti aansee, Jarmaniin Qisaasa Morokkoo Duraa kan 1905tti fayyadamtee Firaansi kophaatti ambisuuf yaalte. Kunis Kora Algeciras 1905tti geesse, achirrattis Firaansi sababa Morookoo qabatteef lafa kan biraa akka gadi dhiiftuf walii galte. Kana boodas Qisaasni Agaadir bara 1911tti dhufe. Muudannoo Fashooda 1898 kan Firaansi fi Biriiten gidduutti uummame dabalatee, qisasni addaan hincitne itti fufaan kun wallaansoo hadhaawaa biyyoota impeeriyaalistii gidduu jiru agarsissa, kunis dhumarratti Waraana Addunyaa Itti geesse.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 18:01, 29 Bitootessa 2016 (UTC)

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Could you please translate this? Portuguese explorer Prince Henry, known as the Navigator, was the first European to methodically explore Africa and the oceanic route to the Indies. From his residence in the Algarve region of southern Portugal, he directed successive expeditions to circumnavigate Africa and reach India. In 1420, Henry sent an expedition to secure the uninhabited but strategic island of Madeira. In 1425, he tried to secure the Canary Islands as well, but these were already under firm Castilian control. In 1431, another Portuguese expedition reached and annexed the Azores.

Abuuran Poorchugaal Piriinsi Henriin, nama haala tooftawaa ta'een Afrikaa fi daandii galaanarraa kan gara Indiyaatti geessu qorate kan jalqabaati. Mana jireenyasaa kan naannoo Algareeve kibba Poorchugaalitti argamurraa, jila Afrikaa qaxxaamuree Indiyaa deemu hedduu hooggane. 1420tti, Henriin jila odola namni irra hinjiraanne garuu kan bu'aa tarsiimoo qabdu Madiiraa akka qabataniif erge. 1425, Henriin Odoloota Kanaarii qabachuu yaalee ture, garuu odolli kun too'annoo Kastiliyaan jala turte. 1431tti, jilli Poorchugaal kan biraa Azoores ga'ee lafasaa qabate.

Naval charts of 1339 show that the Canary Islands were already known to Europeans. In 1341, Portuguese and Italian explorers prepared a joint expedition. In 1342 the Catalans organized an expedition captained by Francesc Desvalers to the Canary Islands that set sail from Majorca. In 1344, Pope Clement VI named French admiral Luis de la Cerda Prince of Fortune, and sent him to conquer the Canaries. In 1402, Jean de Bethencourt and Gadifer de la Salle sailed to conquer the Canary Islands but found them already plundered by the Castilians. Although they did conquer the isles, Bethencourt's nephew was forced to cede them to Castile in 1418.

Kaartan galaanarra yeroo deeman itti fayyadaman kan 1339 akka agarsiisutti, warri Yuurooppi Odoloota Kanaarii sana durayyuu ni beeku ture. 1341tt, abuurtonni Poorchugaalii fi Xaaliyaanii waliin jila abuurraa deemu qopheessan. 1342tti, Katalaanonni jila abuurraa kan Firaansiis Desvaalersiin hoogganamu gara Odoloota Kanaarii kan deemu qopheessan, jilli kunis Maayoorkaarraa ka'ee socho'e. 1344tti, Phaaphaasi Kilementi VI lammii Firaansi kan ta'e admiiraal Luis de la Cerda dhaaltuu mootii Forchuun godhe, Odoloota Kanaariis akka qabatuuf erge. 1402tti, Jean de Bethencourt fi Gadifer de la Salle Odoloota Kanaarii qabachuuf deemani garuu sana Kastiliyaanin saamamtee akka turte argan. Jarri kun odoloota kana gita bittaan qabataniyyuu, kan Bethencourt wasiila/eessuma ta'uuf bara 1418tti dirqamee Kaastilii kenne.

In 1455 and 1456 two Italian explorers, Alvise Cadamosto from Venice and Antoniotto Usodimare from Genoa, together with an unnamed Portuguese captain and working for Prince Henry, the Navigator, of Portugal, followed the Gambia river, visiting the land of Senegal, while another Italian sailor from Genoa, Antonio de Noli, also on behalf of Prince Henry, explored the Bijagós islands, and, together with the Portuguese Diogo Gomes, the Cape Verde archipelago. Antonio de Noli, who became the first governor of Cape Verde (and the first European colonial governor in Sub-Saharan Africa), is also considered the discoverer of the First Islands of Cape Verde.[6]

1455 fi 1456tti abuurtonni Xaaliyaanii lama, Alvise Cadamosto Veenisirraa fi Antoniotto Usodimare Jeno'aarraa, kaapiteenii maqaasaa hin dha'amin kan Piriinsi Heenriif hojjatu Poorchugaalirraa dabalatanii Laga Gaambiyaa hordofanii deemun Senegaal daawwatan. Yeruma sana lammummaan Xaaliyaanii kan ta'e Antonio de Noli Gono'aarraa, Piriinsi Henriif hojjachuun odoloota Bijagós qorate, akkasumas lammii Poorchugaal kan ta'e Diogo Gomes wajjin Odoloota Keeppi Veerdee qorate. Antonio de Noli, bulchaa Keeppi Verdee kan jalqabaa kan ta'e (lammii Yuurooppi kan Afrikaa Sahaaraa-gadii keessatti gita bittaan bulchaa jalqabaa ta'e), namoota Keeppi Verdee argatan keessaa nama odloota jalqabaa argate jedhamee fudhatama.

Along the western and eastern coasts of Africa, progress was also steady; Portuguese sailors reached Cape Bojador in 1434 and Cape Blanco in 1441. In 1443, they built a fortress on the island of Arguin, in modern-day Mauritania, trading European wheat and cloth for African gold and slaves. It was the first time that the semi-mythic gold of the Sudan reached Europe without Muslim mediation. Most of the slaves were sent to Madeira, which became, after thorough deforestation, the first European plantation colony. Between 1444 and 1447, the Portuguese explored the coasts of Senegal, Gambia, and Guinea. In 1456, the Venetian captain Alvise Cadamosto, under Portuguese command, explored the islands of Cape Verde. In 1462, two years after Prince Henry's death, Portuguese sailors explored the Bissau islands and named Serra Leoa (Lioness Mountains).

Qarqara galaanaa Afrikaa bahaa fi dhihaa keessatti, qorannaan suuta deemaa ture; abuurtonni Poorchugaal Keeppi Bojaador 1434tti Keeppi Bilaankoo 1441tti ga'an. 1443tti, dawoo waraanaa odola Arguin Moritaaniyaa amma keessatti kan argamturratti ijaaran, achittis qamadii Yuurooppirraa fidan garboota Afrikaa fi warqiin daldalu turan. Warqeen Sudaan karaa daldaltoota Islaamaa odoo hin taane yeroo jalqabatif qajeelton harka warra Yuurooppi kan ga'e yeroo kana ture. Garboonni hedduun gara Madeeratti ergamu turan, Madeeran erga bosonnisaa sirriitti ciramee booda lafa oomishaa warra Yuurooppi kan jalqabaa ta'e. 1444 fi 1447 gidduutti, Poorchugaal qarqara Garbaa Senegaal, Gaambiyaa fi Giinii qoratte. 1456tti, kaapiteeniin Vaatikaan Alvise Cadamosto, hooggana Poorchugaal jalatti, odoloota Keeppi Verdee qorate. 1462tti, erga Piriinsi Henriin du'ee waggaa lama booda, abuurtonnii Poorchugaal odoloota Bisaa'uu qorachuun Serra Leoa jechuun moggaasan (Tulluuwwan Leencaa).

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 17:54, 2 Caamsaa 2016 (UTC)

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Could you please translate this?

In 1469, Fernão Gomes rented the rights of African exploration for five years. Under his direction, in 1471, the Portuguese reached modern Ghana and settled in A Mina (the mine), later renamed Elmina. They had finally reached a country with an abundance of gold, hence the historical name of "Gold Coast" that Elmina would eventually receive.

1469tti, Fernaa'oo Gomeez mirga Afrika qorachuu waggaa shaniif kireeffate. Hoggansa isaatin, bara 1471tti, warri Poorchugaal Gaanaa ammaa kana ga'an, iddoo Aa Miinaa (bakka albuudni ba'u) jedhamus qubatan, boodarras iddoon kun Elmiinaa jedhame moggaafame. Dhumarratti, biyya warqeen badhaate akka ga'an hubatan, maqaa "Gold Coast" (qarqara bishaani warqeen badhaate jechuudha) Elmiinaaf kennani.

In 1472, Fernão do Pó discovered the island that would bear his name for centuries (now Bioko) and an estuary abundant in shrimp (Portuguese: camarão,), giving its name to Cameroon.

Bara 1472tti, Fernaa'oo Du Po odola jaarraa hedduuf maqaa isaatti moggaafamte (amma Bi'ookoo jedhamti) argate. Akkasumas laga shiriimpii hedduu qabu (Afaan Poorchugaalin: camarão) argate, biyya kunis Kaameruun jedhamtee moggaafamte.

Soon after, the equator was crossed by Europeans . Portugal established a base in Sāo Tomé that, after 1485, was settled with criminals. After 1497, expelled Spanish and Portuguese Jews also found a safe haven there.

Sana booda oduma hinturin, warri Yuurooppi mudhii lafaa qaxxaamuran. Poorchugaal Sa'oo Toomee keessatti buufata hundeessan, kunis 1485 booda bakka yakkamtoota irra qubachiisan ta'e. 1497 booda, Yihudoonni Ispeenii fi Poorchugaalii ari'aman biyya sanatti qubatanii boqonnaa argatan.

In 1482, Diogo Cão found the mouth of a large river and learned of the existence of a great kingdom, Kongo. In 1485, he explored the river upstream as well.

Bara 1482tti, Diogo Cão laga guddaa galaanatti galu argate, mootummaa guddaan Koongoo jedhamus akka jirus bare. Bara 1485tti, laga guddaa kana gara burqaasaatti asii ol deeme qorate.

But the Portuguese wanted, above anything else, to find a route to India and kept trying to circumnavigate Africa. In 1485, the expedition of João Afonso d'Aveiros, with the German astronomer Martin of Behaim as part of the crew, explored the Bight of Benin, returning information about African king Ogane.

Warri Poorchugaal garuu, waan hunda caala, karaa gara Indiyaa nama geessu argachuu barbaadu ture, kanaafis Afrikaa garjallaa darbuuf yaalaa turan. Bara 1485, jilli João Afonso d'Aveiros, kan qorataa urjii lammii Jarman Maartin Behaayim of keessatti qabate, qarqara galaana Beeniin qorate, odeeffannoo mootii Afrikaa keessaa Ogaanees kenne.

In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias and his pilot Pêro de Alenquer, after putting down a mutiny, turned a cape where they were caught by a storm, naming it Cape of Storms. They followed the coast for a while realizing that it kept going eastward with even some tendency to the north. Lacking supplies, they turned around with the conviction that the far end of Africa had finally been reached. Upon their return to Portugal the promising cape was renamed Cape of Good Hope.

Bara 1488tti, Baartoloomiyoo Diyaas fi hooftuu bidiruusaa Pêro de Alenquer, erga fincila bidiruu keessaa dhaamsanii booda, lafa bishaan keessa gadi seenu tokko qaxxaamuran yeroo deeman buubbee hamaan qabaman, lafa kanas Keeppi oof Istoorms jedhanii moggaasan. Xinnoo kaabatti jallachaa gara bahaattii akka deemu waan arganiif, qarqara galaanaa hordofuun amma tokko deeman. Wantoota jireenyaf barbaachisan of harkaa waan fixaniif, dhumni Afrikaa kanuma jedhanii amanuun gara duubatti deebi'an. Gara Poorchugaalitti yeroo deebi'an, Keeppin isaan bira ga'anii deebi'an sun Keeppii Abdii Gaarii (Keeppi oof gud Hooppi) jechuun moggaafame.

Some years later, Christopher Columbus landed in America under rival Castilian command. Pope Alexander VI decreed the Inter caetera bull, dividing the non-Christian parts of the world between the two rival Catholic powers, Spain and Portugal.

Waggoota muraasa booda, Kiristoofar Kolombos ajaja Kaastil kan morkataa ta'een Ameerikaa argate. Phaaphaasii Aleeksaander VI seera haaraa tume, kanaanis kutaa addunyaa kiristaana hintaane biyyoota Kaatolikii wal firrisan lamaan, Ispeeni fi Poorchugaalif addaan qoode.

Finally, in the years 1497 to 1498, Vasco da Gama, again with Alenquer as pilot, took a direct route to Cape of Good Hope, via St. Helena. He went beyond the farthest point reached by Dias and named the country Natal. Then he sailed northward, making land at Quelimane (Mozambique) and Mombasa, where he found Chinese traders, and Malindi (both in modern Kenya). In this town, he recruited an Arab pilot and set sail directly to Calicut. On August 28, 1498, King Manuel of Portugal informed the Pope of the good news that Portugal had reached India.

Dhumarratti, bara 1497 fi 1498 gidduutti, Vaaskoo da Gaamaa, Alenquer akka hooftuu bidiruutti fudhachuun, karaa qajeelton gara Keeppii Abdii Gariitti (Keeppi oof gud Hooppi) geessuun St. Heleenaarraan goruun deeman. Da Gamaan bakka duraan Diyaaz ga'e darbee fagaachuun deeme, biyyasaas Naataal jedhee moggaase. Sana booda gaara kaabaatti deeme, Quelimane (Moozambiik) fi Mombaasaa, bakka itti daldaltoota Chaayinaa argate, fi Maalindiitti (lamaanuu Keeniyaa ammaa keessa) bidirusaas qubsiise. Magaalaa kanatti, bololiisaa (hooftuu bidiruu) Arabaa mindeessun qajeelton gara Kaalikutitti karaa jalqabe. Hagayya 28, 1498tti, Mootin Poorchugaal Maanu'eel bidiruunsaanii akka Indiyaa geesse phaaphaasiitti oduu gammachiisaa hime.

Egypt and Venice reacted to this news with hostility; from the Red Sea, they jointly attacked the Portuguese ships that traded with India. The Portuguese defeated these ships near Diu in 1509. The Ottoman Empire's indifferent reaction to Portuguese exploration left Portugal in almost exclusive control of trade through the Indian Ocean. They established many bases along the eastern coast of Africa, from Mozambique to Somalia, and captured Aden in 1513.

Ijiiptii fi Veenis odeffannoo kanaaf deebii jibbiinsaa kennan; waliinis, Galaana Diimarratti, bidiruu Poorchugaal kan Indiyaa wajjin daldala jalqaberratti haleellaa banan. Poorchugaal, bidiruuwwan kana bara 1509tti naannoo Di'uutti injifatte. Abuurraa Poorchugaal geggeessituuf dhimma kan hinqabaatin Impaayerri Otomaan Poorchugaal daldala karaa Garba Indiyaa akka guutummaan too'attuuf karaa bane. Warri Poorchugaal qarqaraa garbaa baha Afrikaatti buufatawwan hedduu hundeessan, Moozambiikii kaasee hanga Somaaliyaatti. Bara 1513ttis Eden qabatan.

In 1500, a Portuguese fleet commanded by Pedro Álvares Cabral, which followed the route just opened by Vasco da Gama to India, was dispersed by a storm in the Indian Ocean.[citation needed] One of the ships under command of Diogo Dias arrived at a coast that was not in East Africa. Two years later, a chart already showed an elongated island east of Africa that bore the name Madagascar. But only a century later, between 1613 and 1619, did the Portuguese explore the island in detail. They signed treaties with local chieftains and sent the first missionaries, who found it impossible to make locals believe in Hell, and were eventually expelled.

Bara 1500tti, hoomaan bidiruu kan Pedroo Alvaarees Kabraalin hoogganamu, kan karaa Vaaskoo Da Gamaa duraan Indiyaa dhaqe hordofee deemu, Garba Indiyaa keessatti hobomboleettii hamaan addaan bittinneeffame. Bidiruuwwan kana keessa tokko kan Diyoogoo Diyaazin hogganamu qarqaraa galaanaa haaratti dhufe. Waggaa lama booda, kaartan ba'e odola baha Afrikaatti argamu yoo agarsiisu maqaa Madagaaskaar jedhu qaba ture. Garuu, odola sirriitti kan qoratan jaarraa tokko booda bara 1613 fi 1619 gidduutti ture. Waligaltee bulchitoota aadaa wajjin mallatteessuun mishiinota jalqabas ergan, garuu ummata biyyasii wa'ee si'oolii amansiisuu dadhaban, dhumarrattis biyyasii ari'aman.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 08:52, 11 Caamsaa 2016 (UTC)

Content Translation

Hi Tumsaa!

I noticed that you do a lot of translation work on translatewiki, Meta, and here in the Oromo Wikipedia. Thank you very much for doing this.

Can I suggest that you try Content Translation? I saw that you tried it last year and created two articles. Since then a lot of bugs were fixed, and it is now being used by a lot of people to create over 2000 articles every week. I think that it can help you translated articles into Oromo more easily and quickly, with convenient side-by-side view comfortable adaptation of links and images, and other features.

Please let me know if I can help you with this in any way or if you have any feedback about it.

Thanks! --Amire80 (talk) 07:48, 3 Adooleessa 2016 (UTC)

Hi Amire80

Yes, I tried content translation some time back. It is a wonderful tool and makes the task easier. It is not because of bugs or issues that I didn't use it since then. I didn't have much time to edit Wikipedia since then and I created few articles which are not translations from English, but rather new. In the future, I am sure I will use it very often. Thanks for recommending, I will let you know if I have issues with it or need some help. Tumsaa (talk)

Thank you! --Amire80 (talk) 09:11, 7 Adooleessa 2016 (UTC)

Thank you

Thankyou very much Mr. Tumsaa for your outstanding Oromo transcription help!

I am really Grateful.

May you be blessed!

--DaveZ123 (talk) 00:11, 26 Guraandhala 2017 (UTC)

I am really honored to receive this. Thank you very much. Tumsaa (talk) 07:32, 21 Haggaya 2017 (UTC)

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Thank you! --EGalvez (WMF) (talk) 20:51, 13 Amajjii 2017 (UTC)

Hi from wikisource

Hi Tumsaa! I have seen there was some movement on proverbs, in the page Mammaaksa Oromoo. I am happy if such a page is well maintained and accepts good contributions in the Wikipedia way. We were a bit worried on the copyright of the texts, but since I have seen they are proverbs and they have been transported here for proper maintenance and development (on a page), I am convinced that we'll manage to have a 'contributed' version here in wikipedia. Is it ok for you if we delete the page proverbs page in the old wikisource? I have seen you have already transported some phrases here: Tarree Mammaaksa Oromoo, so I assume is safe :D.

By the other hand, we have a version of Oedipus Rex, : s:mul:Edipas mooticha, that may be incomplishing copyright since I have seen that.. at least one translator/author had it published before wikisource with the same text, and it is very early, so I assume it will not be on the public domain (50 years after the death of the author in Ethiopia) or explicitly CC-BY-SA. We may proceed to delete that in order to avoid copyright violation if there is no problem.

Thanks for your feedback!

PS: At the moment in which we have Oromoo texts that are already public domain (50 years after the death of the author in Ethiopia) or CC-BY-SA, with a proper source and reference, we will be more than happy to get them on wikisource. --C.R. (talk) 11:39, 23 Amajjii 2017 (UTC) -*-*

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If you already took the survey - thank you! We won't bother you again.

About this survey: You can find more information about this project here or you can read the frequently asked questions. This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this privacy statement. If you need additional help, or if you wish to opt-out of future communications about this survey, send an email through EmailUser function to User:EGalvez (WMF). About the Wikimedia Foundation: The Wikimedia Foundation supports you by working on the software and technology to keep the sites fast, secure, and accessible, as well as supports Wikimedia programs and initiatives to expand access and support free knowledge globally. Thank you! --EGalvez (WMF) (talk) 07:30, 23 Guraandhala 2017 (UTC)

Help

Hi Tumsaa,

In the last days several articles were created, some were evident vandalism and I eliminated them but some I am not sure if the subject and encyclopedic or not. Could you confirm me if these articles are useful?

• Eelaa‎
• Oromo,noollee‎

If you confirm that they aren't I will eliminate them. Best regards. DARIO SEVERI (talk) 15:19, 19 Haggaya 2017 (UTC)

It is gibberish, not a useful article or title. You can remove both. Tumsaa (talk) 07:13, 21 Haggaya 2017 (UTC)

Thanks Tumsaa, If you want me to delete other pages because they are not encyclopedic write on my User talk or right here, I always come here once or twice a week. Best regards DARIO SEVERI (talk) 08:12, 23 Haggaya 2017 (UTC)

Translation

Happy New Year!

Thanks. Happyy New Year to you too. Tumsaa (talk)

Could you please translate this?

Portuguese presence in Africa soon interfered with existing Arab trade interests. By 1583, the Portuguese established themselves in Zanzibar and on the Swahili coast. The Kingdom of Congo was converted to Christianity in 1495, its king taking the name of João I. The Portuguese also established their trade interests in the Kingdom of Mutapa in the 16th century, and in 1629 placed a puppet ruler on the throne.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 09:15, 9 Amajjii 2018 (UTC)

Poorchugaalonnii Afrikaa keessa jiraachun fedhii daldalaa Araboonni qaban wajjin battalumatti wal faalleessu jalqabe. Hanga bara 1583tti, Poorchugaalonni Zaanzibaarii fi qarqara galaanaa Siwaahilii qabataniiru. Mootummaan Koongoo bara 1495 Kiristaanummaa fudhate, mootin Koongoos maqaa Zyuwaa I jedhu moggaafate. Warri Poorchugaal fedhii daldalaa kan Mootummaa Mutaappaarratti qaban jaarraa 16ffaatti lafa qabsiisan. 1629ttis bulchaa isaanin ajajamu angoorra kaa'an.

Tumsaa (talk)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

The Portuguese (and later also the Dutch) also became involved in the local slave economy, supporting the state of the Jaggas, who performed slave raids in the Congo. They also used the Kongo to weaken the neighbour realm of Ndongo, where Queen Nzinga put a fierce but eventually doomed resistance to Portuguese and Jagga ambitions. Portugal intervened militarily in these conflicts, creating the basis for their colony of Angola. In 1663, after another conflict, the royal crown of Kongo was sent to Lisbon. Nevertheless, a diminished Kongo Kingdom would still exist until 1885, when the last Manicongo, Pedro V, ceded his almost non-existent domain to Portugal.

The Portuguese dealt with the other major state of Southern Africa, the Monomotapa (in modern Zimbabwe), in a similar manner: Portugal intervened in a local war hoping to get abundant mineral riches, imposing a protectorate. But with the authority of the Monomotapa diminished by the foreign presence, anarchy took over. The local miners migrated and even buried the mines to prevent them from falling into Portuguese hands. When in 1693 the neighbouring Cangamires invaded the country, the Portuguese accepted their failure and retreated to the coast.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 09:25, 12 Amajjii 2018 (UTC)

Poorchugaalonni (fi boodarra Daachonni) mootummaa Jaggaa kan garboota Koongoo keessaa butuuf duula geggeessu deeggaruun diinagdee garbootaa kan naannichaa keessa seenan. Mootummaa Koongoos mootummaa ollaa ishii Nidoongoo, kan mootittiin isaanii Nizingaan karoora Poorchugaalii fi Jaggaa faccisaa turte, dadhabsiisuf itti fayyadaman. Porchugaalonni wal dhabdee kana keessa humna waraanatiin seenan, kunis kolonii isaanii Angoolaa qabachuuf karaa baneef. Bara 1663tt, waraana biraa booda, Mootin Koongoo gara Liisbanitti ergame. Sanas ta'u, mootummaan Koongoo kan dadhabaa ta'e hanga 1885tti jira ture. Bara kana, mootin Koongoo kan dhumaa Peediroo V biyya isaa dabarsee Poorchugaalif kenne.

Poorchugaal mootummaa jabaa Kibba Afrikaa kan ta'e Monomotaappaa (kan Zimbaabuwee har'aa keessa ture) akkaatadhuma sanaan qabatte: Poorchugaal waraanaa warri naannichaa godhan gidduu seente, kanas albuuda hedduu argachuun yaaddee goote. Mootummaa sanas of jalatti galchuun ajaja isaanirraa akka fudhatu goote. Angoon Monomotaappaa sababa warraa biyya alaatin yeroo laamsha'u, jeequmsi baayyate. Warri albuuda baasan godaanuu jalqaban, lafa albuudni ba'aa tures harka Poorchugaal akka hin galle awwaalan. Yeroo bara 1693 ollaan ishii Kangamaayersi biyyattii weerartu, Poorchugaalonni kufaatii isaanii fudhatanii gala qarqara galaanaatti baqatan. Tumsaa (talk)

Translation

Could you please translate this?

Beginning in the 17th century, the Netherlands began exploring and colonizing Africa. While the Dutch were waging a long war of independence against Spain, Portugal had temporarily united with Spain, starting in 1580 and ending in 1640. As a result, the growing colonial ambitions of the Netherlands were mostly directed against Portugal. For this purpose, two Dutch companies were founded: the West Indies Company, with power over all the Atlantic Ocean, and the East Indies Company, with power over the Indian Ocean. The West India Company conquered Elmina in 1637 and Luanda in 1640. In 1648, they were expelled from Luanda by the Portuguese. Overall the Dutch built 16 forts in different places, including Gorée in Senegal, partly overtaking Portugal as the main slave-trading power.

The Dutch left a lasting impact in South Africa, a region ignored by Portugal that the Dutch eventually decided to use as station in their route to East Asia. Jan van Riebeeck founded Cape Town in 1652, starting the European exploration and colonization of South Africa.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 15:55, 13 Amajjii 2018 (UTC)

Jarraa 17ffaarraa kaasee, warri Neezerlaandi Afrikaa abuuruu fi koloneeffachuu jalqaban. Yeroo Daachoonni Ispeenirraa bilisa ba'uuf waraana dheeraa geggeessaa turanitti, Poorchugaal Ispeen wajjin hiriirte, kunis 1580 jalqabee 1640tti dhaabbate. Sababa kanaaf, fedhiin Neezerlaandii kolonii babal'ifachuuf qabdu Poorchugaalirratti kan xiyyeeffate ture. Kana raawwachuufis, kaampaaniin Daachi lama dhaabbatan: Westi Indiis Kaampaanii, kan Garba Atilaantikii too'achuuf aangoo guutuu qabu, fi Isti Indiis Kaampaanii, kan Garba Indii too'achuuf aangoo qabu ture. Kaampaaniin Westi Indiis bara 1637 Elmiinaa fi bara 1640 Luwaandaa humnaan qabate. Bara 1648tti, warri Daachi warra Poorchugaalin Luwaandadhaa ari'aman. Walumaagalatti, warri Daachi buufata waraanaa 16 iddoo addaddaatti ijaaran, kunis Goree kan Senegaal keessa jirtu dabalata. Daldala garbaatin Poorchugaal caalun iddoo guddaa qabatan.

Warri Daachi Afrikaa Kibbaa kan Poorchugaal fedhii dhabuun dhiistee turte irratti jijjiirrama guddaa fidan. Daachonni Afrikaa Kibbaa imala gara Eeshiyaa Bahaatti godhaniif akka buufataatti fayyadamuuf murteessan. Yaan vaan Rebeek 1852tti magaalaa Keep Taawon hundeesse, kunis abuurraa fi koloneeffachuu Afrikaa Kibbaa jalqabsiise. Tumsaa (talk)

Other early modern European presence

Dhufaatii Yuurooppi kan Jalqabaa Kaan

Almost at the same time as the Dutch, other European powers attempted to create their own outposts for the African slave trade.

As early as 1530, English merchant adventurers started trading in West Africa, coming into conflict with Portuguese troops. In 1581, Francis Drake reached the Cape of Good Hope. In 1663, the English built Fort James in Gambia. One year later, another English colonial expedition attempted to settle southern Madagascar, resulting in the death of most of the colonists. The English forts on the West African coast were eventually taken by the Dutch.

In 1626, the French Compagnie de l'Occident was created. This company expelled the Dutch from Senegal, making it the first French domain in Africa.

Yeroodhuma Daachi Afrikaa dhufte sanatti, humnoonni Yuurooppi kaanis daldala garbaa geggeessaniif akka gargaaruf buufata dhaabuuf yaalii gochaaaa turan.

Bara 1530, Daldaltoonni Ingilaandi Afrikaa Dhihaa dhufanii daldaluu jalqanii turan, yeroo kanas loltoota Poorchugaal wajjin walitti bu'uun dhufe. Bara 1581tt, Firaansis Direek Afrikaa Kibbbaa Keeppi oof Gud Hooppi ga'e. 1663tti, warri Ingilaandi Gaambiyaa keessatti buufata waraanaa Foorti Jeemsi ijaaran. Waggaa tokko booda, jilli koloneeffattuu kan Ingilaandi kibba Madagaaskaar qubachuuf yaalii godhe, koloneeffattoonnii baayyen isaanii ni dhuman. Buufanni waraanaa Ingilandii kan Dhiha Afrikaa turan boodarra warra Daachin fudhataman.

Bara 1626tti, kaampaani Firaansi Compagnie de l'Occident hundeeffame. Kampaanin kunis warra Daachi Senegaal keessaa baase, kanaanis Afrikaa keessatti lafa Firaansi qabatte kan jalqabaa ta'e.

Translation

Could you please translate this? (If you want to do it by parts it's fine)

Merera Gudina is a professor and politician in Ethiopia. He is the leader of the Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC), a political party representing the Oromo people. The organization is opposed to the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front. He has been described as Ethiopia's "leading opposition politician".

Mararaa Guddinaa pirofeesaraa fi namaa siyaasaati. Mararaan hoogganaa Kongireessii Federaalistii Oromoo (KFO) yoo ta'u KFOn dhaaba siyaasaa uummata Oromoo bakka bu'u. Dhaabni kun paartii siyaasaa biyya bulchaa jiru Adda Warraaqsa Dimokiraatawaa Uummata Itoophiyaa (ADWUI) mormaa socho'a. Maraaraan yeroo hedduu "mormituu siyaasaa guddaa" jedhamee ibsama.

Personal life

Jireenya Dhuunfaa

Merera began his college education at Addis Ababa University (AAU), but was imprisoned for seven years due to participating in protests against the dictatorship of Mengistu Haile Mariam. After his release, Merera went to Egypt to complete his education at the American University in Cairo.[2] Merera received his PhD in Political Science July 2002 from the Institute of Social Studies, at the Hague in the Netherlands under the direction of professors M.R. Doornbos and M.A.R.M. Salih, he completed his thesis, "Ethiopia: competing ethnic nationalisms and the quest for democracy, 1960-2000".[3] As of 2009, Merera is an associate professor of political science at AAU. He participates in several scholarly conferences worldwide, including in the United States, concerning political and social developments of Ethiopia.

Mararaan barnoota olaanaa Yuunivarsiitii Finfinneetti jalqabe, garuu sababa mormii mootummaa abba hirree Mangistuu Hayilamaaram irratti godhame keessatti hirmaateef, waggaa torba hidhame. Erga gadi lakkifamee booda, Mararaan gara Ijiipti deemuun Ameerikaan Yuunivarsitii kan Kaayiroo keessatti argamutti barnoota isaa xumure. Mararaan digirii PhD Saayinsii Siyaasatiin bara 2002 Inistiitiyuutii Qorannoo Hawaasaa, Heeg Neezerlaandi irraa fudhate. Qorannoo inni godhe kan gorsan M.R. Dorinbos fi M.A.R.M. Saalii yoo ta'an mata dureen qorannoo isaa "Ethiopia: competing ethnic nationalisms and the quest for democracy, 1960-2000" kan jedhu ture. Bara 2009tti, Yuunivarsiitii Finfineetti, Mararaan Saayinsii Siyaasatiin sadarkaa asosheet pirofeesariii qaba. Mararaan kora hayyootaa kan sadarkaa addunyaatti dhimma guddina siyaasaa fi hawaasummaa Itoophiya irratti godhame hedduu keessatti hirmaateera.

Thanks for your help. --Katxis (talk) 21:28, 18 Amajjii 2018 (UTC)

I just checked and found an article on Merera Gudina already exists. Check Mararaa Guddinaa Tumsaa (talk)

Previous Translation

Greetings Katxis. I have translated part of the previous content. Here it is:

Although the Napoleonic Wars distracted the attention of Europe from exploratory work in Africa, those wars nevertheless exercised great influence on the future of the continent, both in Egypt and South Africa. The occupation of Egypt (1798–1803), first by France and then by Great Britain, resulted in an effort by the Ottoman Empire to regain direct control over that country. In 1811, Mehemet Ali established an almost independent state, and from 1820 onward established Egyptian rule over the eastern Sudan. In South Africa, the struggle with Napoleon caused the United Kingdom to take possession of the Dutch settlements at the Cape. In 1814, Cape Colony, which had been continuously occupied by British troops since 1806, was formally ceded to the British crown.

Waraanonni Nappooliyoon xiyyeeffannoo hojii Afrikaa abuuruu Awurooppaa yoo hirriseyyuu, waraanonni sun egeree ardicharraatti dhiibbaa guddaa uumee, kunis Ijiiptii fi Afrikaa Kibbaa keessatti. Koloneeffamuun Ijiipti (1798-1803), jalqaba Firaansiin itti aanseemmoo Biriiteniin, Impaayerri Otomaan biyyattii to'aannoo isaa jala akka oolchu taasise. Bara 1811tti, Mehemet Alii biyya irra guddeessa ofiin bultu hundeesse, 1820rraa kaasee Sudaan Bahaa bulchiinsa Ijiipti jala galche. Afrikaa Kibbaatti, wallaansoon Naappooliyoon waliinii, Biriiteen akka qubsumma warra Daachi kan Keepii keessa jiru akka fudhattu taasise. 1814tti, Koloniin Keeppi, kan 1806 kaasee loltoota Biriiteniin qabame, seera guutee mootummaa Gonfoo Biriitenitti dabarfame.

Meanwhile, considerable changes had been made in other parts of the continent. The occupation of Algiers by France in 1830 put an end to the piracy of the Barbary states. Egyptian authority continued to expand southward, with the consequent additions to knowledge of the Nile. The city of Zanzibar, on the island of that name, rapidly attained importance. Accounts of a vast inland sea, and the discovery of the snow-clad mountains of Kilimanjaro in 1840–1848, stimulated the desire for further knowledge about Africa in Europe.

Yeroodhuma kana, kutaalee Afrikaa biraa keessatti jijjiirramni guddaan dhufeera. Aljeersi Firaansiin 1830tti qabamuun ishii saamicha galaanaarraa kan mootummoonnii Baarbarii geggeessan dhaabsise. Bulchiinsi Ijiiptii gara kibbaatti babal'achuu ittuma fufe, kunis beekkumsa Laga Naayilirratti jiru dabale. Magaalaan Zaanzibaar, kan odola Zaanzibaarirra jirut, saffisaan barbaachisummaa argate. Odeeffannowwan garbaa guddaatu Afrikaa keessa jira jedhuu fi Tulluu Kilimanjaaroo kan cabbii mataarraa qabu 1840-1848 argamuun, fedhii warri Awurooppaa Afrikaa beekuf qaban akka dabalu taasise.

In the mid-19th century, Protestant missions were carrying on active missionary work on the Guinea coast, in South Africa and in the Zanzibar dominions. Missionaries visited little-known regions and peoples, and in many instances became explorers and pioneers of trade and empire. David Livingstone, a Scottish missionary, had been engaged since 1840 in work north of the Orange River. In 1849, Livingstone crossed the Kalahari Desert from south to north and reached Lake Ngami. Between 1851 and 1856, he traversed the continent from west to east, discovering the great waterways of the upper Zambezi River. In November 1855, Livingstone became the first European to see the famous Victoria Falls, named after the Queen of the United Kingdom. From 1858 to 1864, the lower Zambezi, the Shire River and Lake Nyasa were explored by Livingstone. Nyasa had been first reached by the confidential slave of António da Silva Porto, a Portuguese trader established at Bié in Angola, who crossed Africa during 1853–1856 from Benguella to the mouth of the Rovuma. A prime goal for explorers was to locate the source of the River Nile. Expeditions by Burton and Speke (1857–1858) and Speke and Grant (1863) located Lake Tanganyika and Lake Victoria. It was eventually proved to be the latter from which the Nile flowed.

Walakkeessa jaarraa 19ffaa keessa, mishinaaroonni piroteestaantii qarqaraa garbaa Giinii, Afrikaa Kibbaa fi Zaanzibaar keessatti hojii amantii hojjaachaa turan. Mishinerooonni iddoowwanii fi uummata duraan hin beekkamne dhaqaa turan, yeroo baayyeess ofuma isaanii abuurtotaa naannolee haaraa qoratan ta'u, akkasumas daldala fi impaayera jalqabsiisu. Deevid Liviingistoon, mishineriin biyya Iskoot, 1840 irraa kaasee kaaba Laga Oreenjji keessatti socho'aa ture. 1849, Liviingistoon Gammoojjii Kalahaarii kibbaarra gara kaabaatti kutee ce'uun Haroo Nigamii ga'e. Bara 1851 fi 1856 gidduutti, Afrikaa gara Dhihaarraa gara Bahaatti imale, yeroo kanas bishaan bishaan bidiruun irraa deemuu danda'u Laga Zaambeezii gara olii arge. Sadaasa 1855tti, Liviingistoon nama Awurooppaa Finca'aa Viktooriyaa arge kan jalqabaa ta'e, fincaa'an kun maqaa Mootittii Biriteenin moggaafame. 1858 irraa hanga 1864tti, Liviingistoon Zaambeezii gara gadii, Laga Shiree fi Haroo Niyasaa abuure. Haroo Niyaasaa kan jalqaba argate garba amanamaa kan Antooniyoo daa Silvaa Poortoo, daldalaa Poorchugall kan Angoolaa keessa Bi'ee qubate, ture. Garbichi kun 1853-1856tti Afrikaa Benqulla irraa gara Roumaa deemunn Afrikaa qaxxaamure. Kaayyon guddaan abuurtoota madda Laga Naayil argachuu ture. Jilli Burtoon fi Ispeeke (1857–1858) akkasumas Ispeeke fi Giraant (1863) Haroo Tanganyika fi Haroo Viktooriyaa argate. Boodarraas Lagni Naayil Haroo Viktooriyaa irraa akka maddu barame.

Henry Morton Stanley, who had in 1871 succeeded in finding and succouring Livingstone (originating the famous line "Dr. Livingstone, I presume"), started again for Zanzibar in 1874. In one of the most memorable of all exploring expeditions in Africa, Stanley circumnavigated Victoria Nyanza (Lake Victoria) and Lake Tanganyika. Striking farther inland to the Lualaba, he followed that river down to the Atlantic Ocean—which he reached in August 1877—and proved it to be the Congo.

Henrii Mortan Istaanlii, nama 1871tti Liviingistoon argatee akkasumas gargaarsa godheef (jechama "Dr Liviingistoon, natti fakkaata" kan uume), lammata gara Zaanzibaar deemuf 1874 qajeele. Jila abuurraa Afrikaa hunda keessaa haala baayyee yaadatamuun, Istaanliin Viktooriyaa Niyaanza (Haroo Viktooriyaa) fi Haroo Tangaanikaatti geejjiba bishaanirraatti itti naannaa'ee ilaale. Sana darbee lafa naannoo Lu'alabaa qorachuun, Istaanliin laga hanga Garba Atilaantiikitti hordofee deeme - garba kana 1877tti ga'e - lagni kunis Laga Koongoo ta'uu mirkaneesse.

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Tiyoorii Gaalen

I need Wikipedia page to change all thing to oromoo language 196.189.243.82 07:08, 15 Bitootessa 2022 (UTC)

Baayolojii

animal 196.190.63.132 14:56, 28 Sadaasa 2024 (UTC)

biology 196.190.63.132 14:56, 28 Sadaasa 2024 (UTC)